# Cross sectional study of symptom attribution and recognition depression anxiety in primary care {#article-title-2} Objectives : To examine the effect patients' causal attributions common somatic symptoms on by general practitioners cases to test hypothesis that normalising make less likely. Design survey. Setting One practice eight doctors Bristol. Subjects 305 attenders. Main outcome measure The rate detection as defined health questionnaire. Results Consecutive attenders completed...

Background. Recent anthropological studies have documented the importance of understanding relation culture to experience mental illness. The use interviews that elicit explanatory models has facilitated such research, but currently available are lengthy and impractical for epidemiological studies. This paper is a preliminary report on development brief instrument in field work. Method. SEMI, short interview described. explores subject's cultural background, nature presenting problem,...

Most mental health researchers rely upon quantitative methods of data collection. Whilst such are commonly seen as reliable, qualitative often more valid. Despite the value collection, however, many denigrate their use. Qualitative research is viewed lacking in scientific rigour. This paper explores use focus group a instrument to enhance validity existing questionnaires for service users and providers. Between July August 1995 four groups were conducted Exeter Taunton among (with severe or...

The Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) and the Component Summary score (MCS) derived from Short Form 36 (SF-36) instrument are well validated reliable scales. A drawback of their construction is that neither has a clinically cutpoint to define case common mental disorder (CMD). This paper aims produce cutpoints for MHI-5 MCS by comparison with General Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Data were analysed wave 9 British Household Panel Survey (2000), providing sample size 14,669 individuals. Receiver...

Despite the increasing belief that places where people live influence their health, there is surprisingly little consistent evidence for associations with mental health. We investigated joint effect of community and individual-level socio-economic deprivation social cohesion on individual health status.Multilevel analysis population survey data 10,653 adults aged 18-74 years nested within 325 census enumeration districts in Caerphilly county borough, Wales, UK. The outcome measure was Mental...

There is little population-based evidence on ethnic variation in the most common mental disorders (CMD), anxiety and depression. We compared prevalence of CMD among representative samples White, Irish, Black Caribbean, Bangladeshi, Indian Pakistani individuals living England using a standardized clinical interview.Cross-sectional survey 4281 adults aged 16-74 years private households England. were assessed Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R), interview.Ethnic differences modest, some...

Background High occupational suicide rates are often linked to easy access a method of suicide. This study aimed compare across all occupations in Britain, how they have changed over the past 30 years, and may vary by socio-economic group. Method We used national mortality statistics, census-based populations death inquiry files (for years 1979–1980, 1982–1983 2001–2005). The main outcome measures were per 100 000 population, percentage changes time rates, standardized ratios (SMRs)...

Studies assessing premature mortality in people with severe mental illness (SMI) are usually based one setting, hospital (secondary care inpatients and/or outpatients) or community (primary care). This may lead to ascertainment bias. study aimed estimate standardised ratios (SMRs) for all-cause and cause-specific SMI drawn from linked primary secondary populations compared the general population. SMRs were calculated using indirect method a United Kingdom population of almost four million...

<b>Objective</b> To shed light on the difficulties faced by relatives, friends, and colleagues in interpreting signs of suicidality deciding whether how to intervene. <b>Design</b> Qualitative study completed suicides, based in-depth interviews with multiple informants. <b>Setting</b> London, southwest England, south Wales. <b>Participants</b> 31 lay informants (one five for each case), including parents, partners, siblings, 14 cases suicide which deceased was aged 18-34 not contact...

Background The common mental disorders (CMDs) of anxiety and depression are the most form poor health in general population. Evidence from small number previous cohort studies on role neighbourhood factors is inconclusive. We tested hypothesis that high levels social cohesion modify an adverse association between change individual deprivation. Method carried out a longitudinal multilevel analysis using data Caerphilly Health Social Needs Cohort Study with 7-year follow-up ( n = 4426; age...

The robustness of epidemiological research using routinely collected primary care electronic data to support policy and practice for common mental disorders (CMD) anxiety depression would be greatly enhanced by appropriate validation diagnostic codes algorithms extraction. We aimed create a robust platform CMD population-based, data.We developed set Read code lists (diagnosis, symptoms, treatments) the identification in General Practice Database (GPD) within Secure Anonymised Information...

There is evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected mental health, but most studies have been conducted in general population.To identify factors associated with health during individuals pre-existing illness.Participants (N = 2869, 78% women, ages 18-94 years) from a UK cohort (the National Centre for Mental Health) history of illness completed cross-sectional online survey June to August 2020. assessments were GAD-7 (anxiety), PHQ-9 (depression) and WHO-5 (well-being)...

Only a few European countries have carried out large, community-based, national surveys about psychiatric morbidity. Here is presented the first French survey, aiming to estimate prevalence of anxiety disorders and associated comorbidities according sociodemographic characteristics.The Mental Health in General Population (MHGP) database derived from representative survey adult population (n=36,105), conducted between 1999 2003. Data collection was done using an anonymous face-to-face...

Background Longitudinal studies of patterns healthcare contacts in those who die by suicide to identify at risk are scarce. Aims To examine type and timing suicide. Method A population-based electronic case–control study all died Wales, 2001–2017, linking individuals’ records from general practices, emergency departments hospitals. We used conditional logistic regression calculate odds ratios, adjusted for deprivation. performed a retrospective continuous longitudinal analysis comparing...

Women of Indian origin are said to have a lower rate recognized common mental disorders and higher frequency consultation in primary care than white British. The aim this study was evaluate factors, including explanatory models (patient perspectives) illness, associated with among women care. investigation conducted general practice West London large population. Consecutive woman attenders descent were screened the General Health Questionnaire-12 identify probable cases psychiatric...

This study aims to document the nature and extent of occupational stress in farming. A postal survey farmers South West England, was undertaken results indicate high levels farming families. 35% respondents scored positively on General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) with female showing significantly higher scores than males. significant proportion also showed elevated anxiety depression as measured by Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HAD). Indices psychological distress were correlated ill...

In order to describe the explanatory models and etic emic phenomena of common mental disorder in Harare, Zimbabwe, 110 subjects were selected by general nurses three clinics four traditional healers from their current clients. The interviewed using Explanatory Model Interview Revised Clinical Schedule. Mental most commonly presented with somatic symptoms, but few patients denied that mind or soul was source illness. Spiritual factors frequently cited as causes Subjects who healer, reported a...

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine the 11 year outcome of neurotic disorder in general practice. <b>Design</b>: Cohort study over years. <b>Setting</b>: Two practices Warwickshire England. <b>Subjects</b>: 100 patients selected to be representative those identified nationally by practitioners as having disorders. <b>Main measures</b>: Mortality, morbidity, and use health services. <b>Results</b>: At years 87 subjects were traced. The standardised mortality ratio was 173 (95%...

Abstract Suicide research relies heavily on accounts provided by bereaved relatives, using a method known as the psychological autopsy. Psychological autopsy studies are invariably quantitative in design and their findings reinforce medical model of suicide, emphasising role mental illness. They largely ignore meanings that narrators attach to events, nature sense‐making task influences bearing upon it. This study drew data but used qualitative analytic methods. Fourteen semi‐structured...

Background Concerns relating to increased use of psychotropic medication contrast with those under-treatment and under-recognition common mental disorders in children young people (CYP) across developed countries. Little is known about the indications recorded for antidepressant prescribing primary care CYP. Method This was an electronic cohort study routinely collected primary-care data from a population 1.9 million, Wales, UK. Poisson regression undertaken model adjusted counts depression...