This paper is focused on the use of satellite Sentinel-2 data for assessing their capability in identification archaeological buried remains. We selected “Tavoliere delle Puglie” (Foggia, Italy) as a test area because it characterized by long human frequentation and very rich The investigations were performed using multi-temporal spectral indices, commonly used satellite-based archaeology, herein analyzed known areas to capture signatures soil crop marks characterize temporal behavior Time...

In recent years, the impact of Climate change, anthropogenic and natural hazards (such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, tsunamis, fires) has dramatically increased adversely affected modern past human buildings including outstanding cultural properties UNESCO heritage sites. Research about protection/monitoring is crucial to preserve our (with them also) history identity. This paper focused on use open-source Google Earth Engine tool herein used analyze flood fire events which area...

This study aims to assess the potential of Sentinel-2 NDVI time series and Google Earth Engine detect small land-use/land-cover changes (at pixel level) in fire-disturbed environs. To capture both slow fast changes, investigations focused on analysis trends series, selected because they are extensively used for assessment post-fire dynamics mainly linked monitoring vegetation recovery fire resilience. The area considered this is central–southern part Italian peninsula, particular regions (i)...

Climate change has among its effects the increasing frequency and intensity of both natural anthropic hazard, such as landslides, floods, erosion, sea level rise, weathering fires (Fatorić Seekamp, 2017). These phenomena pose significant threats to archaeological heritage, highlighted in scenarios outlined by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Change).Ancient sites, especially settlements dispersed across rural landscapes, are particularly vulnerable climate-related hazards due their...

This study introduces a methodology for the improvement of visibility archaeological features using an open-source probabilistic machine learning framework applied to UAV LiDAR data from Torre Castiglione site in Apulia, Italy. By leveraging Random Forest classification algorithm embedded software, approach processes dense point clouds segment out vegetation ground and structures. Key steps include training classifier, generating digital terrain models, feature surface enhancing features....

The use of satellite radar in landscape archaeology offers great potential for manifold applications, such as the detection ancient features and anthropogenic transformations. Compared to optical data, interpretation imaging archaeological investigations is more complex, due many reasons including that: (i) transformations provide subtle signals, which are (ii) often covered by noise; and, (iii) only detectable specific soil characteristics, moisture content, vegetation phenomenology,...

This paper focuses on the potential of an integrated approach using aerial LiDAR, and terrestrial photogrammetry, laser scanning, archaeological survey to detect presence configuration lost medieval settlements under canopy. was applied site Altanum (Calabria, Italy), hill Sant’Eusebio, completely covered by vegetation. a large fortified settlement characterised long occupation, especially during Byzantine Norman-Swabian periods. The activity began carrying out LiDAR whole hill. acquired...

Illegal archaeological excavations, generally denoted as looting, is one of the most important damage factors to cultural heritage, it upsets human occupation stratigraphy sites interest. Looting identification and monitoring are not an easy task. A consolidated instrument used for detection features in general, more specifically study looting remote sensing. Nevertheless, passive optical sensing quite ineffective dense vegetated areas. For these type areas, recent decades, LiDAR data its...

This paper deals with a UAV LiDAR methodological approach for the identification and extraction of archaeological features under canopy in hilly Mediterranean environments, characterized by complex topography strong erosion. The presence trees undergrowth makes reconnaissance remains very difficult, while erosion, increased slope, tends to adversely affect microtopographical potential interest, thus making them hardly identifiable. For purpose our investigations, survey has been carried out...

Gravaglione represents one of the main swallow holes Canale di Pirro, low Murge, Apulia region, Italy. Here, after an intense rainstorm, a huge volume rainwater accumulates at surface. The drainage dynamics suggest that could be part large, and potentially unknown, karst system. To verify this hypothesis to acquire useful information on possible environment features, integrated aerial geophysical multiscale multimethod approach was applied. In particular, photogrammetry, ground penetrating...

Sentinel-2 data have been used in various fields of human activity. In cultural heritage, their potential is still to be fully explored. This paper aims illustrate how remote sensing and open source tools are useful for archaeological investigations. The whole issue revolves around the application satellite (Sentinel-2) accessory identification, knowledge protection heritage two areas southern Italy: Sant’Arsenio (SA) Foggia (FG). Both study cases were selected a specific reason: demonstrate...

Unmanned aerial vehicles are currently the most used solution for cultural heritage in field of close range and low altitude acquisitions. This work shows data acquired by multitemporal multispectral surveys archaeological site San Vincenzo al Volturno (Molise, Italy). The is one important medieval sites world. It a monastic settlement that was particularly rich during early Middle Ages, famous its two full-frescoed crypts which represent milestone history art. Thanks to use photography at...

The aim of this work was to assess the potential Continuous Change Detection and Classification (CCDC) CCDC trend analysis algorithms on Sentinel 2 NDVI time series (2016-2023) capture estimate subtle internal vegetation anomalies, with a focus disease induced by pests. To explore characterise long-term dynamics, (S2) were analysed using processing chain mainly based three steps (i) segmentation, (ii) linear regression trending, (iii) classification extract map anomalies. pilot site selected...

The currently available tools and services as open free cloud resources to process big satellite data opened up a new frontier of possibilities applications including archeological research. These research opportunities also pose several challenges be faced, as, for example, the processing interpretation. This letter is about assessment different methods sources support visual interpretation EO imagery. Multitemporal Sentinel 1 2 sets have been processed assess their capability in detection...

Abstract This paper is focused on the archaeological area of Metaponto (Mexomov-nov) and its territory, located in southern Italy. The played an important role for agricultural economy traffic goods people, from south Italy towards central regions, starting Neolithic period, reaching zenith with Greek polis hinterland. site herein analyzed through integrated use several Earth observation remote sensing technologies ancillary data produced over years by archaeologists scholars. aim was to...

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and Fisher–Shannon method analyse NDVI MODIS time series capture estimate inner vegetation anomalies in forest covers. In particular, allows calculate two quantities, Fisher Information Measure (FIM) Shannon entropy power (SEP), which are used characterise complexity a terms organisation/disorder. Pilot sites located both urban (Milano, Torino, Roma) peri-urban areas (Appia Park, Castel Porziano,...

Abstract The conservation and promotion of natural cultural heritage, including landscapes, constitutes a subject great economic social importance. In recent times, there has been an increasing emphasis on the debate around strategies for developing integrated approach to environmental heritage. United Nations Educational, Scientific Cultural Organization (UNESCO) highlighted these challenges in its conventions, emphasizing need proactive measures protect European Space Agency project “From...

Xylella fastidiosa is a phytobacterium able to provoke severe diseases in many species. When it infects olive trees, induces the quick decline syndrome that leads tree rapid desiccation and then death. This has been recently detected groves southern Italy, representing an important threat growing of area. In this paper, order identify patterns revealing presence fastidiosa, several hundreds pixels MODIS satellite evapostranspiration covering infected healthy Italy were analyzed by means...

The main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential Fisher-Shannon statistical method applied MODIS satellite time series search for and explore any small multiyear trends changes (herein also denoted as inner anomalies) in vegetation cover. For purpose our investigation, we focused on cover three peri-urban parks close Rome Naples (Italy). each these areas, analyzed 2000-2020 variation four MODIS-based indices: evapotranspiration (ET), normalized difference index (NDVI), leaf area...

San Pietro Infine (Caserta, southern Italy) is an archaeological area of significant historical interest as it in the vicinity Roman site Ad Flexum. Based on sources, would correspond to junction a road axis that, during colonization (3rd century BCE), was crossed by Via Latina. At intersection these two roads, which coexisted for time, post station built, most likely later replaced early medieval village near religious building S. Pietro, only apse portion preserved. However, evidence too...

In this work the time variability of MODIS satellite evapostranspiration data was investigated by using informational Fisher–Shannon analysis and multifractal detrended fluctuation to reveal presence Xylella Fastidiosa in olive trees, a very dangerous phytobacterium capable induce severe disease known as quick decline syndrome. Several hundreds pixels infected healthy sites located southeastern Italy were analysed. Our results suggest that (Fisher Information Measure Shannon entropy)...

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of using an AI model, specifically ChatGPT-3.5, in remote sensing (RS) applied archaeological research. It assessed model’s abilities several aspects, accordance with a multi-level analysis its usefulness: providing answers both general and specific questions related research; identifying referencing sources information it uses; recommending appropriate tools based on user’s desired outcome; assisting users performing basic functions processes RS for...

Abstract This paper deals with the integration and fusion of UAV-based imagery, including Vis-NIR multispectral infrared thermography data, georadar geomagnetic prospecting, applied on Grumentum, pre-Roman Roman city, an important phase dated to Late Antiquity, ancient Lucania, in Basilicata region. The data were processed individually then integrated each other order recover as much information possible from different signals. Due qualitative quantitative approaches diverse sets features,...