Conventional polyurethanes are typically obtained from polyisocyanates, polyols, and chain extenders. The main starting materials—isocyanates used in this process—raise severe health hazard concerns. Therefore, there is a growing demand for environment‐friendly processes products. This review article summarizes progress that has been made recent years the development of alternative methods polyurethane synthesis. In most them, carbon dioxide applied as sustainable feedstock production...

A hyperbranched aliphatic polyether with hydroxyl end groups was produced from glycerol carbonate (4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one)—the benign monomer obtained renewable starting materials: and dimethyl carbonate. Anionic polymerization of carbonate, which proceeds simultaneous decarboxylation, performed using partially deprotonated trimethylolpropane (TMP) as an initiator. Pendant facilitate the ring-opening multibranching leading to a polyether. 13C NMR analysis products confirmed...

Abstract Carbonated soybean oil (CSO) containing five‐membered cyclic carbonate groups has been obtained in the reaction of epoxidized with carbon dioxide presence KI activated by 18‐crown‐6 under 6 MPa CO 2 pressure at 130°C. The CSO was used for modification bisphenol‐A based epoxy resin. composition epoxide‐cyclic cured using polyamine hardeners one‐step and two‐step procedures. All compositions were characterized their thermal mechanical properties compared parent network. optimal method...

This paper describes the synthesis of a new cyclic carbonate AB2 type monomer, 5-{3-[(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]propoxy}-1,3-dioxan-2-one (5), and its application for preparation hyperbranched polymers. In addition, linear analogue poly(5) was prepared, structures were compared by means 13C NMR. Ring-opening polymerization 5 leads to polymer containing solely primary hydroxyl groups. The influence catalyst reaction conditions used on structure is discussed. Moreover, presence glycerol residues in...

We report a new one-pot synthetic route to tetrahydrofuran derivatives, which were unexpectedly produced under basic conditions by intramolecular etherification of substituted five-membered cyclic carbonates. For alcohols with vicinal hydroxyl groups, and additional OH groups at the β-position, leading 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran derivatives was observed. These reactions studied for compounds having from 2 6 per molecule, mechanism proposed. The developed method provides environmentally...

Gelcasting has been extensively studied and applied as a near‐net‐shaping technique for preparing complex ceramic parts. However, the use of acrylamide main component is an important drawback this method it hazardous, neurotoxic compound. In context, new low‐toxicity monomer, glycerol monoacrylate, synthesized successfully used gelcasting suspensions. The presence two hydroxyl groups in monomer molecule allows formation polymer network by polymerization cooperative hydrogen bonding without...

Recently much effort has been devoted to developing drug delivery systems based on macromolecules of three-dimensional structure. In addition dendrimers which are widely studied, hyperbranched polymers gaining more and attention. Among numerous polymeric materials used in systems, aliphatic polycarbonates one the most interesting ones due biocompatibility, nontoxic degradation products, absence autocatalytic effect during process. However, they show poor solubility supercritical carbon...

Abstract A study has been carried out on the reaction of alkali metal carbonates with epihalohydrins in presence cation complexing agents e.g. crown ethers. 3-Glycidyloxypropylene carbonate was found to be formed as main product epichlorohydrin potassium promoted by 18-crown-6. The effect various and course examined. It that hydrogencarbonate gives 4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one. When atmosphere carbon dioxide products contained linear linkage apart from cyclic one. From these results, a...

Abstract Bidentate and tridentate cyclic carbonates obtained from the reaction of aliphatic epoxy compounds with carbon dioxide were used for modification an resin. The compositions exhibited low viscosity, short gel time, exothermic effect accompanying crosslinking. On basis model reactions, a mutually accelerating carbonate groups on crosslinking studied systems by triethylenetetramine was found (synergistic effect). cured epoxide–cyclic considerably higher impact resistance tensile...

Abstract The modification of epoxy resins by means carbon dioxide is presented. resulting contained different amounts cyclic carbonates (1,3‐dioxolane‐2‐one rings) instead a part groups. effect the carbonate content on viscosity, gel time, peak exotherms, and crosslinking extent above mentioned was investigated. Mechanical thermomechanical properties modified cured with triethylenetetramine have been determined. It found that heat‐distortion temperature, impact resistance, hardness,...

An extensive analysis of the possibilities and goal in application composites as an alternative to thermoplastic polymer filled with minerals has been presented. The was made taking into special consideration mechanical properties applicability polypropylene composites, which are widely used well characterized. It shown that enthusiasm expectations linked vision thermoplastics plant fibers from available renewable sources cheap materials attractive not fully justified. realistic solution...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication the EditorNEXTSynthesis of Glycerol Based Hyperbranched Polyesters with Primary Hydroxyl GroupsPaweł G. Parzuchowski, Martyna Grabowska, Mariusz Tryznowski, and Gabriel RokickiView Author Information Faculty Chemistry, Warsaw University Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland Cite this: Macromolecules 2006, 39, 21, 7181–7186Publication Date (Web):September 14, 2006Publication History Received3 July...