The terms biosurfactant and bioemulsifier have often been used interchangeably to describe surface active biomolecules. However, it is important note that there are marked differences between them especially based on their physico-chemical properties physiological roles. Although bioemulsifiers biosurfactants both amphiphilic in nature produced by a wide range of microorganisms, each exhibit characteristic roles nature. These microbial surfactants recently received increased scientific...

The influence of laundry washing parameters on the release microfibers (MF) from polyester textiles was studied. These fibers are an important type microplastic pollution. However, factors which affect MF during poorly understood and more rigorous methods for quantifying this needed. A novel method therefore developed using a tergotometer with eight 1000 mL vessels CIELab color space measure lightness (L*). L* related to mass released MFs by creating calibration curve quantify amounts...

Problems with tin and copper antifouling compounds have highlighted the need to develop new environmentally friendly coatings. Bacteria isolated from living surfaces in marine environment are a promising source of natural compounds. Four isolates were used produce extracts that formulated into ten water-based paints. All but one paints showed activity against test panel fouling bacteria. Five further tested for their ability inhibit settlement barnacle larvae, Balanus amphitrite , algal...

Abstract The bacterial consortium MPD‐M, isolated from sediment associated with Colombian mangrove roots, was effective in the treatment of hydrocarbons water salinities varying 0 to 180 g L −1 . Where salinity culture medium surpassed 20 , its effectiveness increased when cells were immobilized on polypropylene fibers. Over range evaluated, significantly enhanced biodegradation rate crude oil compared free‐living cells, especially increasing medium. Contrary that observed free cell systems,...

Microbial biofilms are composed of a hydrated matrix biopolymers including polypeptides, polysaccharides and nucleic acids act as protective barrier microenvironment for the inhabiting microbes. While studying marine biofilms, we observed that supernatant produced by isolate Bacillus licheniformis was capable dispersing bacterial biofilms. We investigated source this activity identified active compound an extracellular DNase (NucB). have shown enzyme rapidly breaks up both Gram-positive...

Abstract The death and lysis of microbial cells leads to the release cytoplasmic contents, many which are rapidly degraded by enzymes. However, some macromolecules survive intact find new functions in extracellular environment. There is now strong evidence that DNA released from during lysis, or sometimes active secretion, becomes a key component macromolecular scaffold different biofilms. Enzymatic degradation can weaken biofilm structure surface. Many bacteria produce deoxyribonuclease...

Abstract The rising global demand for energy and the decreasing stocks of fossil fuels, combined with environmental problems associated greenhouse gas emissions, are driving research development alternative renewable sources energy. Algae have been gaining increasing attention as a potential source bio-renewable because they grow rapidly, farming them does not, generally, compete agricultural land use. Previous studies algal biofuels focused on microalgae their fast growth rate high lipid...

<i>Magnetospirillum</i> sp. AMB-1 is a freshwater magnetic bacterium which synthesizes intracellular particles of magnetite (Fe₃O₄). A genomic DNA fragment required for synthesis was previously isolated from nonmagnetic transposon Tn<i>5</i> mutant. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence this fragment. The 2975-base pair region contains two putative open reading frames. One frame, designated <i>magA</i>, encodes polypeptide homologous to cation efflux...

Antibiotic producing marine bacteria isolated from surfaces of the alga Fucus vesiculosus and nudibranch Archidoris pseudoargus were exposed to live cells Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli heat-killed Staph. aureus. Twelve out 16 strains tested showed enhanced antimicrobial activity towards E. Ps. aeruginosa following this exposure. Three seven when three coli. These results suggest that production compounds by can be induced presence terrestrial bacteria. This...

To evaluate a rapid and cost-effective method for monitoring bacteria in ballast water, several marine bacterial isolates were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Since International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations are concerned with the unintended transportation pathogenic through emphasis was placed on detecting species Vibrio, enterococci coliforms. Seawater samples collected from North Sea incubated steel...

Background The persistent colonization of paranasal sinus mucosa by microbial biofilms is a major factor in the pathogenesis chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Control microorganisms within hampered presence viscous extracellular polymers host or origin, including nucleic acids. aim this study was to investigate role DNA biofilm formation bacteria associated with CRS. Methods/Principal Findings Obstructive mucin collected from patients during functional endoscopic surgery. Examination mucous...

Bacterial biofilms in natural and artificial environments perform a wide array of beneficial or detrimental functions exhibit resistance to physical as well chemical perturbations. In dynamic environments, where periodic aperiodic flows over surfaces are involved, can be subjected large shear forces. The ability withstand these forces, which is often attributed the resilience extracellular matrix. This attribute matrix referred viscoelasticity result self-assembly cross-linking multiple...

A novel electrochemical reactor employing carbon-cloth electrodes was constructed for disinfection of drinking water. Escherichia coli K-12 (10(2) cells per cm3) sterilized when a cell suspension passed through the at dilution rate 6.0 h-1, and potential 0.7 V versus saturated calomel electrode applied to an electrode. The survival ratio increased with increasing but less than 0.1% rates h-1. Although concentration above 10(3) cm3, also increased. x 10(2) cm3 h cm3. Continuous sterilization...