In this paper, we investigate the performance of a mixed radio-frequency-underwater wireless optical communication (RF-UWOC) system where an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), as low-altitude mobile base station, transmits information to autonomous underwater (AUV) through fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) or decode-and-forward (DF) relay. The analysis accounts for main factors that affect performance, such UAV height, air bubbles, temperature gradient, water salinity variations, detection...

In this paper, the performance of a mixed Terahertz/free-space optical (THz/FSO) wireless transmission system is studied, where joint effects channel fading and pointing errors are considered for both THz FSO links. Employing semi-blind amplify-and-forward protocol, we derive cumulative distribution function probability density end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio. By applying derived statistics, exact expressions outage (OP), average bit error rate (BER), capacity obtained. order to attain...

Transition metal compounds (TMCs) have long been potential candidate catalysts in persulfate-based advanced oxidation process (PS-AOPs) due to their Fenton-like catalyze ability for radical generation. However, the mechanism involved TMCs-catalyzed nonradical PS-AOPs remains obscure. Herein, growth of FeO on Fe

In this correspondence, we consider a mixed radio-frequency/underwater wireless optical communication (RF-UWOC) system with fixed-gain amplify-and-forward relay, where the RF link experiences Generalized-K distribution while UWOC undergoes mixture Exponential-Generalized Gamma distribution. our analysis, new closed-form expressions for cumulative function (CDF), and probability density (PDF) of end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are derived. Capitalizing on these useful statistics,...

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted dual-hop mixed radio-frequency underwater wireless optical communication (RF-UWOC) system. An RIS is an emerging and low-cost technology that aims to enhance strength received signal, thus improving system performance. considered setup, ground source does not have reliable direct link given marine buoy communicates with it through installed on building. particular, acts as relay sends signal...

In this letter, a performance study of mixed dual-hop communication system consisting free-space optical/underwater wireless optical (FSO-UWOC) links is presented. particular, considering both heterodyne detection and intensity modulation with direct (IM/DD), we assume that the FSO channel suffers Gamma-Gamma fading in presence pointing error impairments, while UWOC experiences mixture Exponential-Generalized Gamma (EGG) errors. Assuming fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol,...

In this article, the performance of a dual-hop relaying terahertz (THz) wireless communication system is investigated. particular, behaviors two THz hops are determined by three factors, such as deterministic path loss, fading effects, and pointing errors. Assuming that both links subject to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> - notation="LaTeX">$\mu with...

In this paper, we study the performance of a cooperative underwater acoustic communication/free-space optical communication (UAC-FSO) transmission system supported by fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) relay, where an source transmits signals to satellite through help buoy functioning as relay located on sea surface. particular, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> and κ - μ shadowed fading distribution models are used...

In this article, we study a dual-hop mixed power line communication and radio-frequency (PLC/RF) system, where the connection between PLC link RF is made by decode-and-forward or amplify-and-forward relay. It assumed that channel affected both additive background noise Poisson–Gaussian impulsive which suffer from log-normal fading, while undergoes generalized Rician fading. Based on model, analytical expressions for outage probability (OP), average bit error rate (BER), capacity (ACC) are...

In this letter, we investigate the performance of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided networks in presence non-identically distributed interferers at destination. A mathematical framework is proposed to statistically characterize cascaded channels and evaluate terms outage probability (OP) average bit error rate (BER). The high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) analysis reduces easy-to-compute expressions for BER, which reveals inside information system design. We...

A multiuser mixed radio frequency/terahertz (MRFTHz) system is studied, where the multiple RF channels experience η-μ fading and THz channel obeys α-μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> with pointing errors (PEs). Both fixed-gain (FG) amplify-and-forward (AF) decode-and-forward (DF) protocols are considered in relay. Firstly, exact expressions of cumulative distribution functions overall signal-to-noise ratio under AF DF...

In this article, we analyze the performance of a mixed dual-hop power line communication/free-space optical communication (PLC-FSO) transmission system supporting both decode-and-forward (DF) and fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying protocols. Further, it is assumed that PLC link experiences log-normal fading under effects additive background impulsive noise, while free-space (FSO) channel obeys an exponentiated Weibull distribution with pointing errors. On basis, derive probability...

A mixed multi-user underwater acoustic communication/free space optical (MU-UAC/FSO) air-to-sea heterogeneous relaying system is analyzed in this work, where multiple UAC channels aggregate into a FSO channel to obtain maximum capacity. The experience κ-μ shadowed fading and the obeys double generalized Gamma with non-zero boresight pointing error. Utilizing amplify-and-forward protocol, we approximate statistical distribution of end-to-end signal-to-noise radio. expressions outage...

Using carbon-based materials (CBMs) to facilitate phytoremediation shows great promise for simultaneously enhancing the restoration efficiency of contaminated soil and reducing carbon dioxide in context global warming, which is still exploring attempting phase. In addition direct degradation or alteration pollutant bioavailability, CBMs can enhance by alleviating plant nutrient deprivation oxidative stress, as well modulating microbial communities root secretions. Photosynthetic fixation...

In this letter, we present a novel and important performance metric for analyzing evaluating the physical layer security of wireless communication systems in presence eavesdropping users. Specifically, introduce concept amount secrecy loss derive expressions that can quantify severity with addition, new method calculating average rate is proposed. We further evaluate cooperative proposed to observe behavior different relaying schemes. Finally, simulation results are provided verify accuracy...

In this paper, the performance of a mixed terahertz/free-space optical (THz/FSO) wireless transmission system is studied, where joint effects fading and pointing errors are considered for both THz FSO links. Employing fixed-gain amplify-and-forward protocol, we derive cumulative distribution function end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). By relying on statistic, exact analytical expressions outage probability (OP) average bit error rate (BER) derived in terms bivariate Fox's H-function....

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a mixed radio-frequency-underwater wireless optical communication (RF-UWOC) system where an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), as low-altitude mobile base station, transmits information to autonomous underwater (AUV) through fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) or decode-and-forward (DF) relay. Our analysis accounts for main factors that affect performance, such UAV height, air bubbles, temperature gradient, water salinity variations, and detection...

In this manuscript, we propose a joint channel and power assignment algorithm for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm communication system based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Regarded as agent, each UAV to (U2U) link can choose the optimal according current situation after training is successfully completed. Further, mixing network introduced DRL, where Q values of every single agent are non-linearly mapped, call it QMIX algorithm. As accesses state information, learn...

Abstract The fibrids in aramid insulation paper exhibit good adhesion ability. However, the effects of morphology on mechanical and electrical properties remains poorly understood. Aramid with different morphological structures were prepared by modifying preparation process, then they used to fabricate composite under same condition. results showed that increasing shear rate solution concentration affected magnitude force double diffusion thus affecting average length, specific surface area,...