Technical debt refers to taking shortcuts achieve short-term goals while sacrificing the long-term maintainability and evolvability of software systems. A large part technical is explicitly reported by developers themselves; this commonly referred as Self-Admitted Debt or SATD. Previous work has focused on identifying SATD from source code comments issue trackers. However, there are no approaches available for automatically other sources such commit messages pull requests, combining multiple...

Antibiotic residues in drinking water can have a negative impact on both human and environmental health. However, purification processes employed rural areas are often less complicated than those used urban areas. The occurrence of antibiotic their potential effects residents' health remains to be established. In this study, we measured levels using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS), evaluated the associated risks based Chinese population exposure...

Abstract Technical debt is a metaphor indicating sub-optimal solutions implemented for short-term benefits by sacrificing the long-term maintainability and evolvability of software. A special type technical explicitly admitted software engineers (e.g. using TODO comment); this called Self-Admitted Debt or SATD. Most work on automatically identifying SATD focuses source code comments. In addition to comments, issue tracking systems have shown be another rich SATD, but there are no approaches...

Technical debt refers to taking shortcuts achieve short-term goals, which might negatively influence software maintenance in the long-term. There is increasing attention on technical that admitted by developers source code comments (termed as self-admitted or SATD). But SATD issue trackers relatively unexplored. We performed a case study, where we manually examined 500 issues from two open projects (i.e. Hadoop and Camel), contained 152 items. found that: 1) eight types of are identified...

Software engineers need relevant and up-to-date architectural knowledge (AK), in order to make well-founded design decisions. However, finding such AK is quite challenging. One pragmatic approach search for on the web using traditional engines (e.g. Google); this common practice among software engineers. Still, we know very little about what retrieved, from where, how useful it is. In paper, conduct an empirical study with 53 engineers, who used Google decisions Attribute-Driven-Design...

During software development, some architectural design decisions incur technical debt, either deliberately or inadvertently. These have serious impact on the quality of a system, and can cost significant time effort to be changed. While current research efforts explored general concepts debt separately, debt-incurring not been specifically in practice. In this case study, we explore (DADDs) Specifically, main types DADDs, why how they are incurred practitioners deal with these decisions. We...

Technical debt denotes shortcuts taken during software development, mostly for the sake of expedience. When such are admitted explicitly by developers (e.g., writing a TODO/Fixme comment), they termed as <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Self-Admitted Debt</i> or xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SATD</i> . There has been fair amount work studying SATD management in Open Source projects, but industry is relatively...

The vegetation and soil layers of land surfaces become damaged during landslides. When viewed in remote-sensing images, these post-landslide appear significantly different from the surrounding background. This article proposes an integrated method for calculating indices to extract background information areas that have undergone landslides by increasing spectral difference between bare other surface features, such as vegetation, shadow, settlements, waterbodies. Based on values satellite...

Grasp synthesis is one of the challenging tasks for any robot object manipulation task. In this paper, we present a new deep learning-based grasp approach 3D objects. particular, propose an end-to-end Convolutional Neural Network to predict objects' graspable areas. We named our Res-U-Net since architecture network designed based on U-Net structure and residual network-styled blocks. It devised plan 6-DOF grasps desired object, be efficient compute use, robust against varying point cloud...

Self-Admitted Technical Debt or SATD can be found in various sources, such as source code comments, commit messages, issue tracking systems, and pull requests. Previous research has established the existence of relations between items different sources; useful for investigating improving management. However, there is currently a lack approaches automatically detecting these relations. To address this, we proposed evaluated identifying across sources. Our findings show that our approach...

Technical debt, specifically Self-Admitted Debt (SATD), remains a significant challenge for software developers and managers due to its potential adversely affect long-term maintainability. Although various approaches exist identify SATD, tools comprehensive management are notably lacking. This paper presents DebtViz, an innovative SATD tool designed automatically detect, classify, visualize monitor types of in source code comments issue tracking systems. DebtViz employs Convolutional Neural...

High-speed railway offers an opportunity to address the disparity between economic development and transportation capacity. It can improve capacity reduce costs. With large-scale running of high-speed railway, initial activities will impact surrounding ecological environment. Ecological environment monitoring along is very important. However, current research focuses mainly on a single index evaluation problems mostly highway, with less railway. Moreover, studies have not considered...

Ecological floating bed (EFB) with assembling substrate can effectively enhance the removal of nitrogen. However, influence on operation process EFB remains unclear. In this study, EFBs zeolite, sponge iron and complementary substrates (zeolite iron) were established to explore effects different nitrogen efficiency, physical chemical properties plant growth. Complementary could efficiently stably remove from tailwater. The concentration ammonium (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3--N) total (TN) in...

Technical debt refers to the consequences of sub-optimal decisions made during software development that prioritize short-term benefits over long-term maintainability. Self-Admitted Debt (SATD) is a specific form technical debt, explicitly documented by developers within artifacts such as source code comments and commit messages. As SATD can hinder maintenance, it crucial estimate effort required repay so we effectively it. However, currently lack an understanding repayment, more...

In this paper, we utilize a dataset composed of one-dimensional powder diffraction patterns to train Convolutional Neural Networks for predicting space groups. We used new strategy design the dataset, pattern was calculated based lattice parameters and Extinction Laws, instead traditional that generating it from crystallographic database. This paper demonstrated is more reasonable than one. As result, model trained on cubic tetragonal training set newly designed achieves prediction accuracy...

Accurate identification of software vulnerabilities is crucial for system integrity. Vulnerability datasets, often derived from the National Database (NVD) or directly GitHub, are essential training machine learning models to detect these security flaws. However, datasets frequently suffer significant noise, typically 40% 75%, due primarily automatic and indiscriminate labeling all changes in vulnerability-fixing commits (VFCs) as vulnerability-related. This misclassification occurs because...

Technical debt refers to the consequences of sub-optimal decisions made during software development that prioritize short-term benefits over long-term maintainability. Self-Admitted Debt (SATD) is a specific form technical debt, explicitly documented by developers within artifacts such as source code comments and commit messages. As SATD can hinder maintenance, it crucial address effectively. However, current methodologies lack ability automatically estimate repayment effort based on its...

Crisis maps play a significant role in emergency responses. Users are challenged to interpret map rapidly emergencies, with limited visual information-processing resources and under time pressure. Therefore, cartographic techniques required facilitate their cognition. In this study, we analyzed the exogenous endogenous disruptions that users needed overcome when they were reading maps. The analysis results suggested cartographers’ taking stressors into consideration could promote cognitive...

For the image characteristics of more serious damage to vegetation, geological and mechanism remote sensing, paper put forward some sensing indices based on background value images, such as vegetation index, soil brightness PC1 principal components transformation terrain data, which could reflect information landslides collapses. Meanwhile, integrated calculation method index was proposed, effectively increase spectral differences bare land with shadows, rivers other surface features. Gray...

Abstract As a typical product of the transitional stage urban development, color steel buildings (CSBs) are easy to cause fire, which is difficult be extinguished effectively and quickly. This paper aims at particularity geographic location CSBs lack joint application with Point Interest (POI) fire points in study risk., this investigated risk Lanzhou city based on above three types data acquired 2017. The involved were meshed by kernel density analysis superposition analysis. Afterward,...