In this paper a new meta-heuristic approach based on the nature of honey bees mating has been used for calibration real city in north Iran named Langarud. This population nearly 68,000 people and about 43,000 water consumers. Langarud's area is 900 km(2). The method was to determine Hazen-Williams roughness factor main pipes town correction nodal demands nodes network.

A numerical investigation of two-dimensional steady laminar free convection flow with heat and mass transfer past a moving vertical plate in porous medium subjected to transverse magnetic field is carried out. The temperature concentration level at the surface are assumed follow power-law type distribution. governing non-linear set equations solved numerically employing fully implicit finite difference method. Results presented illustrate influence different parameters such as Grashof number...

ABSTRACT Creating a high heat transfer flux is not common phenomenon and occurs only when source of production (or consumption) placed in small volume; precision casting systems, should be done at velocity due to the presence thin molten branches. Nanofluids present significant opportunity improve thermal efficiency. In this research, combination different solutions enhance has been evaluated simultaneously. For purpose, current aluminum oxide non‐Newtonian nanofluid volume percentages 0,...

This study deals with an empirical investigation on the convective heat transfer of Cu/oil nanofluid flow inside a concentric annular tube constant flux boundary condition and suggests correlation to predict Nusselt number. The average size particles was 20 nm applied prepared by Electrical Explosion Wire technique no nanoparticle agglomeration during preparation process experiments. flowing between tubes is heated electrical heating coil wrapped around it. effects different parameters such...

In this research, the flow and thermal characteristics of a non-Newtonian fluid flowing through double pipe heat exchanger with helical fins around inner tube were studied numerically. The power law is in laminar steady state annulus side. A 3D-CFD computational model has been conducted to determine mean transfer coefficients pressure lost constant temperature walls. numerical analysis performed for different values Graetz number (23 × 103 ≤ Gz 55 103) fin pitch (25 mm p 100 mm). was...

The effects of geometrical arrangement on the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in compact louvered fin-and-tube exchangers were studied experimentally numerically along with ε−NTU method. Different parameters including louver angle, pitch, number, nonlouvered inlet exit fin length, redirection fluid flow are considered to determine their field. study is performed for different angles varying from θL=12 60 deg, optimal rate obtained at angle θL=28deg. Also, it found that...

Nowadays, parabolic trough solar thermal plants are prevalent around the world. In different areas concerning amount of radiation, their standard size is approximately between 20 and 100 MWe. Certainly, right field first selection with regard to nominal electrical power. A vast area will be economically unreasonable whereas a small mainly cause power plant operate at part-load condition. This paper presents an economic modeling plant, operating 25 MWe in Yazd, Iran. The varying types...

In this paper, the effects of fin height, louver length and fin-tube contact thickness on amount heat transfer pressure drop in a compact louvered fin-and-tube exchanger were studied experimentally numerically using - method.The fintube (with variations being more than or less variation) height also relationship between Louvre examined.To validate modeling, first, numerical model was compared with an experimental prototype, good agreement observed results.The modeling results indicate that...