Magnetic anomaly detection is a good method for detecting ferromagnetic objects, particularly hidden targets. In this work, we address the of moving target using static three-axis referenced magnetometer. The analysis and results are also applicable to converse case We use three magnetometer outputs build total magnetic field target. This signal decomposed into set orthonormal basis functions, out which dominant function chosen as detector. detector provides output responses any moment...

Traditional localization techniques, such as radar and GPS, rely on RF waves, which require line-of-sight for effective operation. In contrast, applications based low frequency magnetic fields benefit from high penetration ability to crown canopy, soil, many other types of media. previous work we introduced a method 2-D using beacons field. Here, propose expand the 3-D localization. A mathematical analysis beacons' results in closed-form formulas enable simple calculations. The has been...

Magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) is a passive method used to detect visually obscured ferromagnetic objects by revealing the anomalies in ambient Earth magnetic field. In this paper, we propose for MAD employing high-order crossing (HOC) approach, which relies on background nature. HOC an alternative spectral analysis using zero-crossing count, also enabling signal discrimination. Tests with real-world recorded signals show high probability even low signal-to-noise ratio. The probability,...

We address the detection of a ferromagnetic target that generates an anomaly in ambient Earth magnetic field. Detection buried noise requires use detector (MAD), such as orthonormal basis functions (OBFs) detector. In contrast to OBFs relies on signal waveform ensemble, we propose adaptive minimum entropy (MED) detect any changes pattern. Hence, have constructed MED based probability density function. The was tested real-world and compared Higher rate exemplified for over detecting with low...

In many applications, the detection of a visually obscured magnetic target is followed by characterization target, i.e. localization and moment estimation. Effective may reduce false alarm rate as well direct searcher toward target. We address static three-axis fluxgate magnetometer installed on stabilized mobile platform. The readings are contaminated noise, which results in low signal-to-noise ratio. formulate problem an over-determined nonlinear equation set using dipole model for use...

In this work we propose methods for object localization in 2D using beacons of low frequency quasi-static magnetic field. From a practical point view, is sufficient many applications, requiring much less calculations than 3D, making it more robust and easier to implement real-time power applications. The field may penetrate foliage, soil, buildings, other types media. This an important advantage over traditional such as sonar or radar, where effective operation requires line-of-sight....

Abstract. A new sensor for measuring low-amplitude magnetic fields that is ideal small spacecraft presented. The novel measurement principle enables the fabrication of a low-cost with low power consumption and capabilities are comparable to recent developments CubeSat applications. current magnetometer, software-modified version commercial sensor, capable detecting amplitudes as 8.7 nT at 40 Hz 2.7 1 Hz, noise floor 4 pT∕Hz Hz. has linear response less than 3 % over range ±100 000 nT. All...

The magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) method is used for of visually obscured ferromagnetic objects. exploits the field originating from object, which constitutes an in ambient earth's field. Traditionally, MAD to detect objects with a dipole structure, where far object it can be considered as point source. In present work, we expand case non-dipole source, i.e. pipeline. We use principal component analysis (PCA) calculate components, are then employed construct effective detector....

We propose a method for adaptively canceling magnetic interference using pair of magnetometers that is especially effective time-varying with an unknown signature. By the interference, proposed enables recovery ambient geomagnetic field. Computer simulations and experiments manipulated real-world data support theoretical analysis in combination other techniques (e.g., calibration), pave way measurements orbit boomless CubeSats.

Low frequency magnetic fields feature high penetration ability, which allows communication, localization, and tracking in environments where radio or acoustic waves are blocked distorted by multipath interferences. In the present work, we propose a method for receiver using beacons of low field, includes tri-axial search-coil magnetometer. Measuring beacons' calculating total-field signals enables localization without restrictions on magnetometer orientation, allowing on-the-move tracking....

Abstract Advanced methods of data processing in magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) systems are investigated. Raw signals MAD based on component sensors transformed into energy the space specially constructed orthonormalized functions. This procedure provides a considerable improvement SNR thus enabling reliable target detection. Estimation parameters is implemented with help Genetic Algorithm. Numerous computer simulations show good algorithm convergence and acceptable accuracy estimation both...

In this paper, we propose a method for indoor localization based on quasi-static magnetic fields. High penetration ability and absence of multipath effects make it advantageous over other techniques electromagnetic or acoustic waves. Moreover, the circular rotating field's specific structure enables to be distinguished from common interferences, which generally lack feature. A dual-axis search-coil magnetometer is placed at known location with orientation used localize mobile platform...

Underwater magnetic signature of sea vessel is an important characteristic in mine threat estimation. Traditionally, the vessel's signal measured with help stationary range equipped bottom-mounted sensors. However, such a may be unavailable near operating area. In this work, we investigate capability underwater estimation basing on results overhead mapping by portable total field sensor installed light aerial platform. A model represented array point dipoles distributed over steel hull and...

Abstract Magnetometers are essential instruments in space physics, but their measurements often contaminated by various external interference sources. In this work, we present a comprehensive review of existing magnetometer removal methods and introduce MAGPRIME (MAGnetic signal PRocessing, Interference Mitigation, Enhancement), an open‐source Python library featuring collection state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. streamlines the process magnetic field data providing researchers with integrated,...

We propose the Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach for localization of an underwater magnetic dipole target by airborne magnetometer. Airborne Magnetic Anomaly Detection (MAD) is used decades to detect targets, such as sunken ships. The assumed a dipole, which produces anomaly in dominant Earth field. aircraft follows path, sampling field and utilizing GA estimate location moment. method was simulated on personal computer, obtaining promising results presence noise. A scatter radius about 60 m...

A network of remote magnetic sensors is used for detection ferromagnetic objects. The are arranged in gradiometric pairs order to cancel background noise. For an effective noise cancellation the sensors' readings synchronized by a smart synchronization technique. Data from transmitted via wireless link, managed intelligent access protocol. data collected acquisition unit which transfers it serially monitoring station further processing. consists PC that runs advanced algorithm extracts...

Abstract. A new sensor for measuring low-amplitude magnetic fields that is ideal small spacecraft presented. The novel measurement principle enables the fabrication of a low-cost with low power consumption and capabilities are comparable to recent developments CubeSat applications. current magnetometer, software-modified version commercial sensor, capable detecting amplitudes as 8.7 nT at 40 Hz 2.7 1 Hz, noise floor 500 pT/√(Hz) @ Hz. has linear response less than 3 % over range ±100 000 nT....