Abstract The seasonal variations and the interactions of water masses in tropical Pacific off central Mexico (TPCM) four surrounding areas were examined based on an extensive new hydrographic database. regional redefined terms absolute salinity ( S A ) conservative temperature (Θ) according to Thermodynamic Equation Seawater 2010 (TEOS-10). Hydrographic data evaporation minus (precipitation + runoff) balance used investigate origin seasonality two minima area. shallow (50–100 m) minimum...

Seasonal variability at the entrance to Gulf of California is described using high resolution CTD data from a section across gulf that was occupied eight times between 1992 and 1998. Variability decreased rapidly below 100 dbar, so standard deviations exceeding 0.5ºC 0.05 for temperature salinity, respectively, were confined upper 150 dbar. The mean salinity field wasasymmetric, with fresher waters (S < 34.6) 25 75 dbar next Sinaloa saltier > 34.8) above 50 near Baja California. A...

Most of the available hydrographic data (1939–1988) from Gulf California are used to describe seasonal cycle heat storage in upper 400 m water. The surface flux is obtained by using sea temperature bank and meteorological coastal stations along gulf. Monthly values fitted a mean value plus an annual harmonic. longitudinal (i.e., along‐gulf) then integrating difference between rate change flux. It found that has positive (into sea) all gulf; average net for whole gulf being ∼118 W −2 ....

The thermohaline structure, circulation, and heat fluxes in the Gulf of California entrance during June 2004 are described based on conductivity‐temperature‐depth Lowering Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data collected a 14‐day survey, supported by satellite data. AVHRR images show extensive mesoscale structures region, most striking being (1) cool filament extending from domain (2) warm intrusion along mainland shelf. On side thermal front created there was strong current flowing into...

Abstract Surface drifters released in the Gulf of California between June 2004 and August 2006 are used to describe surface circulation late spring summer. In September mean, there was a poleward coastal current on shelf slope mainland side Gulf, with mean speed ∼0.3 m/s; it reached northern joined cyclonic typical this zone western half southern presented recirculating currents that due mesoscale eddies appear dominate 2004, an enhancement event around 0.60 m/s maximum ∼0.80 m/s. It took...

Abstract The hydrodynamic characteristics of mesoscale eddies the southern Gulf California are described from observations made in August 2004. Vertical profiles to ~1000 m were with a conductivity‐temperature‐depth (CTD) probe dissolved oxygen and fluorescence sensors, lowered acoustic Doppler profiler. four sampled aligned along axis had alternating sense rotation. Okubo‐Weiss parameter was used calculate eddy core radii, it also revealed that current field almost all area dominated. mean...

Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are important sources of CO2 to the atmosphere when physical forces bring subsurface water with high dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) surface. This study examines, for first time, influence OMZ coastal North Eastern Tropical Pacific off Mexico on surface fluxes. We use variations in oxycline depth and masses discern oceanographic influences. During two cruises, November 2009 August 2010, DIC total alkalinity (TA) measurements were used estimate pCO2 air-sea At...

Oceanographic conditions in the Pacific waters off Baja California are described for period 2002–2003. Anomalies temperature-salinity relationships were observed from October 2002 to April 2003, with a clear contribution of low salinity and temperature subarctic water upper 100 m column. Below m, physical data suggested weak El Niño conditions. Weakened or poleward winds not observed. The pelagic ecosystem during intrusion showed strong seasonal changes, localized centers high chlorophyll...

A succession of interannual warm events occurred in the Pacific during 2013–2016 period, when positive thermal anomalies were detected. broad region with abnormally waters northeastern Ocean was observed 2013, which by 2015 had reached off Baja California (Mexico). In addition to ongoing warming effect, early evidence an El Niño event detected 2015. This paper analyzes hydrographic data measured at Todos Santos Bay and environs, as well satellite-derived sea-level data, characterize changes...

Satellite‐derived data (NSCAT and Quickscat) are used to study the annual variability of sea surface winds over Gulf California. Our results indicate that monsoon character have been exaggerated. Particularly erroneous is concept wind has two symmetrically, gulf‐following, preferred directions. For some years, this main characteristic explain dynamics gulf it influenced development ocean circulation models region. The an average direction follows gulf, but generally track in a south‐eastward...

The divergence of the surface heat flux in Gulf California is driven by exchange waters with Pacific Ocean [ Castro et al. , 1994 ]. To estimate these exchanges, geostrophic velocities and fluxes were computed from nine sections closely spaced conductivity‐temperature‐depth stations across entrance to between 1992 1999. mean velocity was composed two alternating cores inflow outflow. that adjacent either coast broader contained highest (0.40 m/s) outflow (−0.25 velocities, supporting general...

Abstract Subsurface pressure (SsP) observations from stations inside and outside of the Gulf California (GC) are used to analyze relationship between low‐frequency currents, temperature, transport GC intraseasonal coastal‐trapped waves (CTWs), which propagate poleward along coast toward GC. Correlation functions coherences SsP were consistent with CTWs splitting in two at mouth gulf: one part enters gulf, propagates around eventually, mouth, another that appears “jump” gulf travels west...

Climatological data indicate that Gulf of California (GC) waters are warmed in spring by the exchange with Pacific Ocean. To better understand this exchange, hydrographic observations were collected across entrance to GC during 19–21 April 2013. Results indicated an anticyclonic Strong outflow Water (GCW) occurred over outer continental shelf and slope Sinaloa maximum velocities 0.5 m·s–1 at ~60 m depth reaching ~500 depth. Inflow close Baja Peninsula was weaker (0.1–0.2 m·s–1) transported...

Despite their impacts on ecosystems, climate, and human health, atmospheric emissions of mineral dust from deserts have been scarcely studied. This work estimated emission flux (E) between 1979 2014 two desert regions in the Baja California Peninsula (BCP) using a modified parameterization scheme. Subsequently, we evaluated processes controlling variability E at intra- interannual scales. During period 1979–2014 peak were generally recorded summer (San Felipe) spring (Vizcaino), lowest...

The evolution and extension of Santa Ana winds over the Pacific Ocean, off coasts California Baja Peninsula, is documented from QuikScat satellite observations. typical wind pattern in this region towards southeast, but between 9 12 February 2002 it was modified by winds, changing direction south, southwest west. changes were notable at first southern California, largest indices variation occurred 26ºN 28ºN with maxima Gulf mainly northern part. maximum to west coast on 11 February, reaching...

In the paper “Temporal and Spatial variation of surface winds in Gulf California” by Parés‐Sierra et al. [2003] ( Geophys. Res. Lett. , 30 (6), 1312, doi:10.1029/2004GL016716) it was reported that monsoon character over California not apparent QuikScat data. Their result based on climatological derived from an objectively analyzed, gridded, temporally interpolated data constructed Tang Liu [1996] A re‐analysis original does show monsoonal California. Therefore, previous base is suited for...

The influence of easterly and northeasterly dry warm Santa Ana winds (SAw) on the surface circulation Todos Santos Bay, Mexico, is studied from currents wind data measured during most extreme periods activity (autumn-winter season). Sea were using a system coastally-based HF radar stations between 2009 2015. Winter-mean showed cyclonic tendency. Atmospheric variables allowed grouping ~122 SAw events, 23% which caused noticeable change in background circulation. Event-mean current patterns...