Abstract Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), may utilize wild ‘Himalaya’ blackberry ( HB ) Rubus armeniacus Focke or other non‐crop plants as refugia and possibly exploit adjacent field margins before colonizing cultivated fruiting crops. Studies were conducted to determine the role of containing their effect on D. activity, density distribution in an commercial red raspberry crop. One‐ha plots known non‐host NH grass crops established 2011 2012...

A study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 designed to examine the foraging range of honey bees, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), a 15.2 km2 area dominated by 128.9 ha glyphosateresistant Roundup Ready® alfalfa seed production field several non-Roundup Ready fields (totaling 120.2 ha). Each year, bee self-marking devices were placed on 112 selected colonies originating from nine different apiary locations. The bees exiting each location uniquely marked so that origin distance traveled...

Predators and parasitoids move through the landscape at a wide range of rates over broad spatial scales. Understanding dispersal characteristics such 'beneficials' is crucial importance for classical, augmentative, inundative conservation biological control. It key practice, following release 'classical' (exotic) augmentative (indigenous) control agents, to assess whether they have become successfully established, also what extent agent has spread from points. important in understand role...

In predator–prey interactions, a widely held view is that prey species have higher dispersal rates relative to their predators and are thereby able escape from predation by colonizing habitats before predators. Despite major implications for community assembly, biological control, this has rarely been tested, measuring abilities often complicated originating different locations. California's San Joaquin Valley, the periodic harvest of alfalfa presents an opportunity measure key generalist...

Understanding insect dispersal helps us predict the spread of pests and their natural enemies. Dispersal can be studied by marking, releasing, recapturing insects, known as mark–release–recapture (MRR). MRR techniques should convenient, economical, persistent. Currently, there are limited options for marking small parasitoids that do not impact fitness ability. We evaluated commercially available fluorescent markers used in forensics. These fluorophores easily detected ultraviolet (UV)...

Abstract The gut contents of field‐collected, predaceous Heteroptera were assayed for the presence eggs sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) using multiple enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Of seven species examined, Geocoris Orius tristicolor (Say) most frequent predators whitefly with 32–39% individuals tested over whole season scoring positive antigens. With...

An immunomarking system useful for determining insect movement patterns was developed that allows the marking of naturally occurring populations insects within large areas with inexpensive and readily available proteins can be applied using standard spray equipment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocols were to detect chicken egg albumin (as whites), bovine casein cows' milk), soy protein milk) at levels ≤30 ppb. Field applications showed all stable detectable high on apple...

A multiple serodiagnostic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MS ELISA) is described that facilitated the simultaneous examination of insect predation on two economically important cotton pests, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). Using this MS ELISA in combination with specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to both B. P. , we assayed 663 collops beetles, Collops vittatus (Say), 613 convergent ladybird Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, for presence prey...

California’s viticulture and ornamental industries have suffered significant losses since the introduction of Homalodisca coagulata (Say), an important vector Pierce’s disease bacterium. A better understanding factors that influence dispersal H. coagulata, as well other native sharpshooters could enhance our ability to institute areawide management programs. Studies were conducted establish validity immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein marker for sharpshooter studies, compare with a liturata Ball,...

A field cage study was conducted that compared the retention time between a novel immunolabeling mark-release-recapture marking technique with more conventional insect marker, fluorescent dust. Commercially purchased convergent lady beetles, Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, were marked either rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) or chicken IgG solution. The beetles then released into separate cages, recaptured daily, and assayed by both sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)...

A large-scale study was conducted in 1996 to evaluate and demonstrate strategies for pest management of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) cotton involving different insecticide regimes, application methods, action thresholds. Here we examined the effects various systems on abundance activity native natural enemies. Population densities 18 out 20 taxa arthropod predators were significantly higher regimes initiated with insect growth regulators (IGRs) buprofezin (chitin inhibitor) or pyriproxyfen...

This study examines the feasibility of marking Lygus hesperus Knight adults externally by submersion in rabbit immunoglobulin G(IgG) solution. Rabbit IgG retention time was measured laboratory on insects submerged an We marked with and ran enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) its complementary antibody (antirabbit IgG). concurrently ELISA using same samples against egg-specific L. monoclonal (MAb)to measure presence egg antigen insect. A previously developed MAb to enabled us...

Abstract A 2-year commercial-scale study was conducted to qualitatively evaluate the effect of different insecticide treatment regimes on predator complex attacking Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in cotton. In 1996 three were compared: a rotation conventional broad-spectrum insecticides or one two based initial use insect growth regulators (IGRs), buprofezin and pyriproxyfen. 1997 same plus an untreated control compared; split-plots sprayed once for Lygus hesperus Knight using insecticide....

Abstract A series of studies was conducted to test methods for marking a wide variety arthropods with inexpensive proteins mark‐capture dispersal research. The markers tested included egg albumin protein in chicken whites and casein bovine milk. first study qualified the effectiveness two marks on more than 50 arthropod species inhabiting cotton via application procedures. included: (1) topical plus residue application, (2) residue‐only application. Both marks, regardless method were readily...

Abstract Understanding predator–prey interactions of the arthropod community in any given ecosystem is essential pinpointing biological control services provided by natural enemies. Hence, four prey‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed to analyse gut contents cotton predator community. The targeted prey included a herbivore/pest, omnivore/pest, omnivore/beneficial, and carnivore/beneficial. First, retention tests conducted determine how long item each target species...

Whole-body macerates of field-collected insects were examined to identify qualitatively hemipteran predators Lygus hesperus Knight eggs and adult females using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A L. species- egg-specific monoclonal antibody (MAB) was used detect the presence egg antigen in these predators. The majority polyphagous assayed did not have their systems, indicating that they had preyed on or (gravid) females. Additionally, we tested sensitivity this MAB ELISA variable...

Abstract A simplified but highly effective approach for the post‐mortem evaluation of predation on several targeted members an arthropod assemblage that does not require development pest‐specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (e.g. monoclonal antibodies) or PCR assays (DNA primers) is described. Laboratory feeding studies were conducted to determine if events could be detected from predators consumed prey marked with foreign protein. I determined large and small rabbit...

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a highly attractive plant host to Lygus spp. and used as trap crop in California organic strawberries influence the dispersion dispersal of these pests, particularly hesperus Knight. The abundance distribution nymphs between two crops separated by 50 strawberry rows was analyzed 2008 2010. Nymphs demonstrated bimodal crops, where were most abundant aggregated alfalfa, when compared with interior rows, less abundant. majority concentrated nymphal densities well...