As a complementary extension of established Radio Frequency (RF) Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), Visible Light Communication (VLC) using commercially available Light-Emitting Diode (LED) transmitters offers huge data rate potential in this license-free spectral domain, whilst simultaneously satisfying energy-efficient illumination demands. Various VLC cell formations, ranging from regular cell-layout associated with different Reuse (FR) patterns to merged cells by employing advanced...

A new Multiple Input Output (MIMO) transmission scheme termed as Generalised Pre-coding aided Spatial Modulation (GPSM) is proposed, where the key idea that a particular subset of receive antennas activated and activation pattern itself conveys useful information. This in contrast to previously proposed (SM) schemes, which operated by activating specific transmit antennas. We provide both analytical numerical results characterizing GPSM for conventional well large-dimensional MIMO...

At the time of this writing, there is substantial research interest in subject visible light communications (VLC) owing to its ability offer significant traffic offloading potential highly crowded radio frequency (RF) scenarios. We introduce user-centric design VLC for heterogeneous networks (HetNet), where three key aspects are identified and elaborated on: signal coverage quality, system control, service provision aspects. More explicitly, concepts amorphous cell formation as well...

Light-emitting diode (LED)-based visible light communication (VLC), combining illumination and communication, is a promising technique for providing high-speed, low-cost indoor wireless services. In environments, multiple LEDs routinely used as lighting sources may also be concomitantly invoked to support services users, thus forming multiuser multiple-input-single-output (MU-MISO) system. Since the user terminals detect all rays impinging from LEDs, inter-user interference severely degrade...

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising technique for future mobile communication systems, which can approach multiuser channel capacity by sharing the same time-frequency resources with users. In this article, we provide unified framework NOMA and review principles of various schemes in different domains objective creating framework. A systematic performance comparison regarding their peak-to-average power ratio, receiver complexity, latency, grant-free access, user load, peak...

The resource-allocation (RA) problems of mobile terminals (MTs) are investigated in a heterogeneous wireless network, where both visible light communication system and an RF femtocell deployed room. We consider diverse quality-of-service requirements terms the data rate, fairness, statistical delay requirements. Inspired by concept effective capacity, we formulate our optimization applying α-proportional fairness while satisfying specific constraints. Two types MTs, namely, multihoming MTs...

The recently proposed multiple input output (MIMO) transmission scheme termed as generalized pre-coding aided spatial modulation (GPSM) is analyzed, where the key idea that a particular subset of receive antennas activated and specific activation pattern itself conveys useful implicit information. We provide upper bound both symbol error ratio (SER) bit (BER) expression GPSM low-complexity decoupled detector. Furthermore, corresponding discrete-input continuous-output memoryless channel...

Precoding-aided spatial modulation (PSM), which conveys information partially by the indices of receive antennas, has some advantages over conventional (SM) using transmit antennas. In PSM, precoder may be optimized for different purposes. this paper, we study transmitter design in PSM systems, motivates to provide secrecy communications. Specifically, consider a pair communication terminals overheard an eavesdropper. The is jointly minimizing power received eavesdropper and maximizing...

In this tutorial, a unified treatment of the topic SuperPosition Coding (SPC) aided communications systems is offered, where we focus our attention not only on theoretical background SPC but also its implementation techniques. The design methodology transceivers described, including Multiple Level Modulation (MLM) concept, corresponding iterative Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) receiver and quasi-random coding principle. Building these fundamental discussions, various future...

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a practical technology in visible light communication (VLC) for high-speed transmissions. However, one of its operational limitations the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) transmitted signal. In this paper, we analyze PAPR distributions four VLC OFDM schemes, namely DC-biased optical (DCO-OFDM), asymmetrically clipped (ACO-OFDM), pulse amplitude modulated discrete multitone (PAM-DMT), and Flip-OFDM. Both lower upper clippings are...

A direct matrix approach is presented for the first time to synthesize high selectivity in-line topology filters where multiple transmission zeros are generated and independently controlled by a set of frequency-variant couplings. As resultant network only involves resonators cascaded one without any auxiliary elements (such as cross-coupled or extracted-pole structures), this paper provides best synthesis solution in configuration simplicity narrowband filters. Considering both couplings...

The specific family of device-to-device (D2D) communication underlying downlink cellular networks eliminates the reliance on base stations for its transmission by allowing direct between two devices in each other's close proximity that reuse resource blocks enhancing attainable network capacity and spectrum efficiency. By considering energy harvesting (EH), our goal is to maximize sum-rate D2D links, without degrading quality-of-service requirement users. We formulated a maximization problem...

With the increase of access point (AP) density and exponential growth mobile devices supported by ultradense networks (UDNs), user-centric overlapped clustering relying on AP cooperation is becoming a promising design principle for guaranteeing quality service (QoS) required each user equipment. This ambitious goal can be achieved joint resource allocation. In this context, both traffic-load balancing limited availability orthogonal blocks (RBs) have to carefully considered in UDNs. To...

Visible light communication (VLC) combined with advanced illumination may be expected to become an integral part of next-generation heterogeneous networks. In order mitigate the performance degradation imposed by intercell-interference (ICI), a user-centric (UC) cluster formation technique employing vectored transmission (VT) is proposed for VLC down-link system, where multiple users simultaneously supported access points (APs). contrast traditional network-centric (NC) design, UC-VT...

In this paper, we design an energy efficient indoor visible light communications (VLC) system from a radically new perspective based on amorphous user-to-network association structure. Explicitly, intriguing problem is approached three inter-linked perspectives, considering the cell formation, link-level transmission and system-level optimisation, critically appraising related optical constraints. To elaborate, apart proposing hitherto unexplored cells (A-Cells), employ powerful amalgam of...

Peer-to-Peer systems have recently become a popular means to share resources. Effective search is critical requirement in such systems, and number of distributed structures been proposed the literature. Most these provide "log time search" capability, where logarithm taken base 2. That is, system with N nodes, cost O(log2N).In database importance large fanout index has well recognized. In P2P too, could be reduced considerably if this were larger base. paper, we propose multi-way tree...

In order to meet the demands of "Internet above clouds," we propose a multiple-antenna aided adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) for aeronautical communications. The proposed ACM scheme switches its mode according distance between communicating aircraft, which is readily available with aid airborne radar or global positioning system. We derive an asymptotic closed-form expression signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) as number transmitting antennas tends infinity, in presence...

Femtocells constitute an economical solution conceived for improving the indoor coverage, which are capable of achieving a high network capacity. In order to guarantee Spectral Efficiency (SE), femtocells have reuse spectrum macrocells. As result, performance both and macrocells may suffer owing near-far effects. this paper, we study twin-layer cellular networks, where Macrocell Base Stations (MBSs) employing Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) host Femtocell (FBSs). This paper investigates...

Hybrid membranes of metal–organic molecule nanocages were fabricated on a ceramic hollow tube by simple immerse-coating method, which exhibit excellent pervaporation separation performances towards the aromatic–aliphatic hydrocarbon mixture.

Layered asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (LACO-OFDM) has been proposed for improving the spectral efficiency of conventional OFDM. Multiple base layers that are in domain sequentially superimposed to form LACO-OFDM, where each layer fills empty subcarriers left by previous layer. As our contribution, bit error ratio (BER) considering effect thermal noise, clipping distortion, inter-layer interference, and rate difference between is analysed this...

In order to counteract the explosive escalation of wireless tele-traffic, communication spectrum has been gradually expanded from conventional radio frequency (RF) band optical (OW) domain. By integrating classic RF relying on diverse techniques and bands, next-generation heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are expected offer a potential solution for supporting ever-increasing tele-traffic. Owing its abundant unlicensed spectral resources, visible light communications (VLC) combined with...

In this paper, a radically new anticipatory perspective is taken into account when designing the user-to-access point (AP) associations for indoor visible light communications (VLC) networks, in presence of users' mobility and wireless-traffic dynamics. its simplest guise, by considering future locations their predicted traffic dynamics, novel association prepares APs users advance, resulting an enhanced locationand delayawareness. This technically realized our contrived design efficient...

Small-cell aided ultra-dense networks (UDNs) constitute an efficient solution to the ever-increasing thirst for more data. Thanks vast untapped high-frequency spectrum of visible light, light communications (VLCs) are a natural candidate UDN. In this paper, layered asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (LACO-OFDM) VLC (UD-VLC) is investigated in terms its user association, multiple access (MA), and resource allocation. To handle severe inter-cell interference (ICI) amongst densely deployed...

Soft actuators hold great potential for applications in surgical operations, robotic manipulation, and prosthetic devices. However, they are limited by their structures, materials, actuation methods, resulting disadvantages output force dynamic response. This article introduces a soft pneumatic actuator capable of bending based on triangular prism origami. The origami creases crafted utilizing fabrics to gain swift response fatigue-resistant properties. By connecting two series, combined...