Two studies examined relationships between infants' early speech processing performance and later language cognitive outcomes. Study 1 found that on segmentation tasks before 12 months of age related to expressive vocabulary at 24 months. However, other was not 2-year vocabulary. 2 assessed linguistic skills 4-6 years for children who had participated in as infants. Children been able segment words from fluent scored higher measures, but general IQ, preschoolers. Results suggest ability is...

Both the input directed to child, and child's ability process that input, are likely impact language acquisition. We explore how these factors inter-relate by tracking relationships among: (a) lexical properties of maternal child-directed speech prelinguistic (7-month-old) infants (N = 121); (b) infants' abilities segment targets from conversational utterances in an experimental paradigm; (c) children's vocabulary outcomes at age 2;0. repetitiveness segmentation skills 0;7 predicted 2;0;...

The effect of talker and token variability on speech perception has engendered a great deal research. However, most this research compared listener performance in multiple-talker (or variable) situations to single-talker conditions. It remains unclear what extent listeners are affected by the degree within talker, rather than simply existence (being multitalker environment). present study two goals: First, among speakers their /s/ /∫/ productions was measured. Even relatively small pool...

In 4 studies, 7.5‐month‐olds used synchronized visual–auditory correlations to separate a target speech stream when distractor passage was presented at equal loudness. Infants succeeded in segmentation task (using the head‐turn preference procedure with video familiarization) of talker's face (Experiment 1, N =30). did not succeed this an unsynchronized 2, =30) or static 3, during familiarization. also viewing oscilloscope pattern 4, =26), suggesting that their ability use visual information...

The goal of this review is to provide a high-level, selected overview the consequences background noise on health, perception, cognition, and learning during early development, with specific focus how may impair speech comprehension language (e.g., via masking). Although much existing literature has focused adults, research shows that infants young children are relatively disadvantaged at listening in noise. Consequently, major consider affect children, who must learn develop noisy...

Abstract There have been many studies examining the differences between infant-directed speech (IDS) and adult-directed (ADS). However, investigations asking whether mothers clarify vowel articulation in IDS reached equivocal findings. Moreover, it is unclear maternal clarification has any effect on a child's developing language skills. This study examined mothers’ at 0;10–11, 1;6, 2;0, as compared to their production ADS. Relationships space, duration, variability child outcomes two years...

This study examined infants' abilities to separate speech from different talkers and recognize a familiar word (the infant's own name) in the context of noise. In 4 experiments, infants heard repetitions either their names or unfamiliar presence background babble. Five-month-old listened longer when target voice was 10 dB, but not 5 more intense than background. Nine-month-olds likewise failed identify at 5-dB signal-to-noise ratio, 13-month-olds succeeded. Thus, by months, possess some...

Abstract We examined code-switching (CS) in the speech of twenty-four bilingual caregivers when speaking with their 18- to 24-month-old children. All parents CS at least once a short play session, and some code-switched quite often (over 1/3 utterances). This included both inter-sentential intra-sentential switches, suggesting that children are frequently exposed mixed-language sentences. However, we found no evidence this exposure had any detrimental effect on children's word learning:...

This retrospective, exploratory investigation examined the types of target words that 30 children with word-finding difficulties (aged 8 to 12 years) had difficulty naming and errors they made on these words. Words were studied reference lexical factors might influence performance: word frequency, age acquisition, familiarity, neighborhood. Findings indicated neighborhood density predicted success, substitutions error patterns manifested affected by under study. Students tended produce...

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether lexical access in adults who stutter (AWS) differs from that people do not stutter. Specifically, the authors examined role 3 factors on naming speed, accuracy, and fluency: word frequency, neighborhood density, frequency. If stuttering results an impairment access, these were hypothesized differentially affect AWS performance a confrontation task.Twenty-five 25 normally fluent comparison speakers, matched for age education, participated...

This investigation studied the influence of lexical factors, known to impact access in adults, on word retrieval children. Participants included 320 typical and atypical (word-finding difficulties) language-learning children, ranging age from 7 12 years. Lexical factors examined frequency, age-of-acquisition, neighborhood density, stress pattern. Findings indicated that these did Words which were high frequency low density contained pattern for language easier name. Further, number neighbors...

Previous research on spoken word recognition has demonstrated that identification of a phonetic segment is affected by the lexical status item in which occurs. W. F. Ganong (1980) category boundary shift occurs when voiced end 1 voice-onset time continuum but voiceless another series word; this known as "lexical effect." A studies was undertaken to examine how neighborhood; contrast status, might influence perception. Pairs nonword were created had higher frequency-weighted neighborhood...

This study investigated how lexical access in naming tasks (picture naming, to open-ended sentences, and category exemplars) might be influenced by different factors during adolescence adulthood. Participants included 1075 individuals, ranging age from 12 83 years. Lexical examined word frequency familiarity, of acquisition, neighborhood density, phonotactic probability. As expected, each these access, there was a general trend towards less accurate with age. More interestingly, density both...

Although a large literature discusses infants' preference for infant-directed speech (IDS), few studies have examined how this might change over time or across listening situations. The work reported here compares IDS while in quiet versus noisy environment, and 3 points development: 4.5 months of age, 9 13 age. Several suggested that help infants to pick out the context noise (Colombo, Frick, Ryther, Coldren, & Mitchell, 1995; Fernald, 1984; Newman, 2003); suggest would increase these...

This paper examines whether correlations between speech perception and production exist, and, if so, they might provide a way of evaluating different acoustic metrics. The cues listeners use for many phonemic distinctions are not known, often because highly correlated with one another, making it difficult to distinguish among them. Perception-production may new means doing so. In the present paper, were examined measures taken on listeners' perceptual prototypes given category their average...

Expressive syntax is a particular area of difficulty for individuals with Down syndrome (DS). In order to better understand the basis sentence formulation deficits often observed in children and adults DS, authors explored use comprehension verbs differing argument structure.The examined verb structure retrieval 18 individuals, 9 age 11;11 (years;months) 32;10 receptive vocabulary age-matched typically developing (TD) children, 3;2 13;6. Participants completed noun tasks, working memory...

Despite their remarkable clinical success, cochlear-implant listeners today still receive spectrally degraded information. Much research has examined normally hearing adult listeners' ability to interpret signals, primarily using noise-vocoded speech simulate cochlear implant processing. Far less explored infants' and toddlers' despite the fact that children in this age range are frequently implanted. This study examines 27-month-old typically developing recognition of a language-guided...

While a large literature discusses young infants' preference for an infant‐directed speaking style, few studies have explored preferences after the first year. The present work compares two different properties of IDS speech: prosodic changes (primarily pitch and variability) structural (utterance length; lexical repetition). We found that both 12‐ 16‐month‐old infants continued to prefer listening speech with , but neither age showed any repetition short utterances typical .

Aims: Although IDS is typically described as slower than adult-directed speech (ADS), potential impacts of on language development have not been examined. We explored whether rates in 42 mother-infant dyads at four time periods predicted children's outcomes two years. Method: correlated rate with child years, and contrasted displaying high/low profiles. Outcomes: Slower 7 months significantly vocabulary knowledge Slowed may benefit learning even before children first speak.