Many moral codes place a special emphasis on bodily purity, and manipulations that directly target purity have been shown to influence variety of judgments. Across two studies, we demonstrated reminders physical specific judgments regarding behaviors in the sexual domain as well broad political attitudes. In Study 1, individuals public setting who were given reminder cleansing reported being more politically conservative than did not such reminder. 2, reminded laboratory harsher toward...

Abstract In the early parts of 20th century, character made up a major part psychology, specifically personality psychology. However, an influential observational study children's moral behavior, conducted by Hartshorne, May, and colleagues in 1920s, suggested that consistency morality‐related behavior was lower than many people expected. Some psychologists interpreted such results to mean there no thus were stable, meaningful individual differences – did not exist. Recent years have...

A major objection to the study of virtue asserts that empirical psychological evidence implies traits have little meaningful impact on behavior, as slight changes in situational characteristics appear lead large virtuous behavior. We argue response critical is not these effects situations observed social experiments, but stable individual differences obtained from correlations individual’s behaviors across multiple contexts. The totality shown support this claim: broad are real, prominent,...

We examine morality’s relationship to three distinct dimensions of social perception: liking, respecting, and knowing a person. Participants completed two independent tasks. First, they rated acquaintances’ morality, competence, sociability, how much liked, respected, knew those acquaintances. In the second task, variety moral competence traits on their importance Several findings emerged. morality was most important factor person but relatively more liking respecting than knowing; this...

This study tested for inter-judge agreement on moral character. A sample of students and community members rated their own character using a measure that tapped six traits. Friends, family members, and/or acquaintances these targets the same Self/other inter-informant was found at trait level both general factor residual variance explained by individual traits, as well (judges agreed targets’ “moral profiles”). Observed constitutes evidence existence character, raises questions about nature

Peer predictions of future behavior and achievement are often more accurate than those furnished by the self. Although both self- peer correlate equally with outcomes, peers tend to avoid degree overoptimism so seen in self-predictions. In 3 studies, authors tested whether this differential accuracy arises because people give weight past when predicting others, but emphasize agentic information, particular data about their aspiration level, Studies 1 showed that exact same participants rated...

Abstract This study investigated the influence of situational and dispositional factors on attentional biases toward social threat, impact these distress in a sample adolescents. The results suggest greater for personally relevant threat cues, as individuals reporting high stress were vigilant to subliminal but not physical those low showed no biases. Individual differences fearful temperament control interacted biases, with predicting supraliminal only poor control. Multivariate analyses...

Organizational research on creativity tends to focus creative outcomes such as novel and useful ideas or solutions challenging problems. The current work considers another function of workplace creativity: a resource that can promote well-being by promoting flexible stress response. By connecting extant in management organizations with complementary findings clinical health psychology, we explore this important alternative view for the significance organizational life. In support view,...

How does a sense of control relate to well-being? We consider two distinguishable strategies, primary and secondary control, their relationships with facets subjective well-being, daily positive/negative affective experience global life satisfaction. Using undergraduate online samples, the results suggest that these different strategies are associated uniquely distinct well-being. After controlling for shared variance among constructs, (the tendency achieve mastery over circumstances via...

Abstract Objective We introduce the concept of moral beacons —individuals who are higher in character than their peers and prominent within social environment—and examine degree to which increase awareness peers. Background Using data from cohorts students graduate business education across two universities, we applied theory methods organizational behavior, personality psychology, networks analysis test research questions about beacons. Method used latent profile questionnaires network...

Although individual differences in the application of moral principles, such as utilitarianism, have been documented, so too powerful context effects-effects that raise doubts about durability people's principles. In this article, we examine robustness judgment by examining them across time and different decision contexts. Study 1, consistency utilitarian 122 adult participants was examined over two survey sessions. Studies 2A 2B, large samples (Ns = 130 327, respectively) made a series 32...

Zell and Krizan (2014, this issue) provide a comprehensive yet incomplete portrait of the factors influencing accurate self-assessment. This is no fault their own. Much work on self-accuracy focuses correlation coefficient as measure accuracy, but it not only way can be measured. As such, its use an potentially misleading story. We urge researchers to explore measures bias well correlation, because there are indirect hints that each respond different psychological dynamic. further entreat...

Research into posttraumatic growth—positive psychological change that people report in their relationships, priorities life, and self-perception after experiences of adversity—has been severely critiqued. We investigated the degree to which community members’ friends relatives corroborated targets’ self-perceived positive negative changes as measured by Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-42. found corroboration only for when we examined overall (averaged) scores. However, using a profile...

Why do people neglect or underweight their past failures when thinking about prospects of future success? One reason may be that think the and as guided by different causal forces. In seven studies, authors demonstrate hold asymmetric beliefs impact an individual’s will on versus events. People consider to a more potent determinant events than happened in past. This asymmetry holds between- within-subjects, generalizes beyond undergraduate populations. The contend this contributes tendency...

Given research suggesting that social interactions are beneficial, it is unclear why individuals lower in extraversion engage less interactions. In this study, we test whether reap fewer hedonic rewards from and explore psychological processes explain their experiences. Before participants socialized, measured extraversion, state positive affect, cognitive capacity, expectations about the After socialized with one another, affect capacity again as well fear of negative evaluation belief...

This initial, exploratory study on gender bias in collaborative medical decision making examined the degree to which physicians’ reliance a team member’s patient care advice differs as function of giver. In 2018, 283 anesthesiologists read brief, online clinical vignette and were randomly assigned receive treatment from 1 8 possible sources (physician or nurse, man woman, experienced inexperienced). They then indicated their decision, well they relied upon given. The results revealed 2...

We stand in agreement with Seligman et al. (2013, this issue) that prospection is an important psychological process, but we disagree it has been neglected within the literature. further question some of broader claims made by authors regarding conscious decision making and free will. argue future-oriented cognition fully consistent deterministic accounts cognition, including automaticity, does little to advance position

When people experience Causal Uncertainty (CU; the sense that they have failed to understand causal structure of social world) search for information will restore their understanding. Three studies explore processing strategies guide this search. We hypothesized CU would promote abstract construal behavioral information. In Study 1, promoted faster spontaneous trait inferences; in Studies 2 and 3, individuals with chronically activated beliefs, those primed CU, showed broader unitization...

Lawyers have broad discretion in deciding how honestly to behave when negotiating. We propose that lawyers’ choices about whether disclose information correct misimpressions by opposing counsel are guided their moral character and cognitive framing of negotiation. To investigate this possibility, we surveyed 215 lawyers from across the United States, examining degree which honest disclosure is associated with tendency frame negotiation game‐like terms—a construal label game framing....

Most people have been both the victim and perpetrator of a moral transgression at some point in their lives; this article asks whether one set experiences is easier to remember than other, why. In Study 1, we documented basic asymmetry, finding that individuals recalled more instances which they were perpetrator. 2, found asymmetry memory arises because being are perceived negatively Studies 3 4, demonstrated critical role intent memories emphasize greater degree do (Study 3), disappeared...