To develop a structure-tailoring catalyst for catalytic conversion of lignin value-added chemicals, series novel Fe-Ce-Al metal oxide catalysts was synthesized via different methods to tailor activity and structure pyrolysis enhance hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil. The results revealed that FeCeAl-CO derived from coprecipitation method with smaller particle sizes exhibited excellent deoxygenation due higher Lewis/Brønsted acid, reversible Ce3+/Ce4+ redox pairs, tailorable oxygen vacancies promoted...

Abstract Adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) methods have demonstrated their efficiency. However, many of the applications for which ADP offers great potential, are also safety‐critical and need to meet safety specifications in presence physical constraints. In this article, an optimal controller solving discrete‐time nonlinear systems with state constraints is proposed. By introducing control barrier function into utility function, problem transformed unconstrained problem, addressing...

Abstract A ternary blend (BEM) of benzoxazine (BA‐a), epoxy resin (E44), and imidazole (M) was prepared to study the effect different curing cycles on reactions properties cured resins. Reactivity two binary blends, E44 BA‐a, with catalyst M, first investigated based kinetics. Results suggest that E44/M has lower reaction activation energy than BA‐a/M meaning easily proceeds. To further figure out sequences E44, M in BEM, behaviors three BEM gels at 80, 140, 180°C (defined as BEM‐80g,...

In order to maximize the network lifetime for target coverage, we propose a distributed optimum coverage algorithm point in wireless sensor networks. this paper, first present 1-hop local problem, next analyze critical restraint of problem and introduced definition key target, then designed an energy utility function, last established adaptive adjustment mechanism waiting time. Measurement results show that new extends 20% longer lifetime, has good scalability stability, lower computational...

This paper characterizes laser-generated guided waves in a metal-lined composite-overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) to assess typical damage, including interfacial debonding and low-velocity impact damage. First, an eigenfrequency approach that avoids additional coding is utilized theoretically analyze the dispersion characteristics of COPV. The theoretical results show significantly alters curves, wavenumber L(0, 1) mode sensitive Experimental verifications were conducted based on full...

Abstract Distributed observers are the framework of fusing observed data by constructing a cooperative observer network. This article renders scheme distributed for class nonlinear system. With this scheme, each local in network can estimate whole states underlying system their own output measurements and information obtained from neighbor via communication The proposed constructed with Partial Observable Canonical Form, which is technology studied differential geometry. common observable...

In this study, the structural changes of alkali lignin induced by ozonation were investigated, and effect ozone-treated its mechanism on Avicel enzymatic hydrolysis was examined. The physicochemical properties analyzed FTIR, 1H-13C HSQC NMR, GPC. It revealed that ozone pretreatment increased content carboxyl and/or aldehyde groups negative zeta potential lignin, which enhanced electrostatic repulsion between cellulase; S/G ratio reduced, indicating hydrophobic interaction diminished....

Sorption of single-component vapors benzene (Bz), n-hexane (Hx), and cyclohexane (Cx), binary liquid mixtures Bz/Hx Bz/Cx in a polyimide from 3,3′,4,4′-diphenylsulfone-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DSDA) 2,8(6)-dimethyl-3,7-diaminobenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (DDBT) were investigated detail at 333 K. desorption followed the non-Fickian kinetics sorption isotherms concave to vapor activity. For liquids, Bz component composition feed, whereas those Hx Cx convex because competitive sorption. As...

Abstract Flue gas is industrial waste produced by the burning of fossil fuels. Its main compositions are 10% - 15% carbon dioxide and 80% 85% nitrogen, two key components needed for flooding. Adding a certain amount flue into steam in displacement could decrease partial pressure, improve quality reduce heat loss, resulting reduction injection improvement development performance. The objective research to investigate mechanism enhanced oil recovery (EOR) assisted flooding which has dual...

In order to maximize the network lifetime for target coverage, we propose a heuristic greedy optimum coverage algorithm (HG-OCA). HG-OCA, first design model in which power supplies of sensor nodes follow normal distribution. Next, analyze energy educe three rules reduce scale, present concept key and prior target. Moreover, choose with most utility as active sensor. end, HG-OCA extend lifetime, based on minimizing consumption maximizing efficiency node. Measurement results show that new...

Abstract Existence of shale barriers in heavy oil reservoirs is detrimental to the implementation EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) process with gravity drainage mechanism. Unfortunately, there abundance such due sedimentary conditions and reservoir heterogeneities. SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) pilot tests have been carried out these China where extensive distribution results poor performance. Taking advantage vertical wells exploitation thin barriers, a new development approach...

Pseudo-excitation approach is a recently developed vibration-based damage detection method, exhibiting some appealing features for structural health monitoring applications. However, two main bottlenecking problems, that is, dense measurement points and venerable noise immunity, hamper its use in practical This article tackles these problems by proposing novel method based on sparse virtual element boundary using metal-core piezoelectric fiber sensors. Different from the local...

This paper investigates the distributed observer design for linear system under time-variant disconnected communication network. By constructing basic eigenvectors of 0-eigensubspace Laplacian Matrix and using LMIs method, we prove cannot achieve omniscience asymptotically switching topology without constraining matrix or alternative topologies set. To deal with this problem, three kinds constraints only needs to satisfy any one them. Then a group sufficient conditions corresponding...

This paper proposes an improved MUSIC algorithm with high-speed parallel optimization for FPGA. Although is a high-performance, classic DOA method, it needs estimation and eigenstructure decomposition of covariance matrix, which time-consuming high computation cost not suitable FPGA implementations. In this paper, the authors present without matrix. offers far lower compared to at expense little performance decrease. With preprocessing focusing on correlation matrices spectral peak search,...

Abstract Provable data possession (PDP) and proofs of retrievability (POR) are techniques for a client to verify the integrity outsourced on an untrusted server, numerous PDP/POR schemes with public or private verification have been proposed so far. However, existing cannot handle following issue satisfactorily: Driven by profits, malicious may accuse honest server repudiate correct proof possession. Based commitment function, we present universal method that can reform any scheme into...

Porous titania coatings with Ca and P elements were synthesized by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The treatment was carried out in an electrolyte containing calcium acetate monohydrate disodium phosphate dodecahydrate ( / = 5), 4–20 μm micropores prepared on the applied pulse frequencies of 200–1000 Hz. surface structure, chemical composition TiO 2 coatings, time-dependent variation electric currents studied. result revealed that coating micropores, which could be controlled size,...

This paper proposes a scheme of distributed observer for class nonlinear system. The includes group local observers and all these are linked with communication network. By this way, each can estimate the whole states To deal problem, partial observable canonical form (POCF) is introduced to construct observer. All in different structure because output results POCF. gives sufficient conditions guarantee that proposed achieve omniscience asymptotically. A simulation example shows validity main result.