The electrochemical properties of the room temperature ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM+BF4−), hexafluorophosphate (BMIM+PF6−) and 1-methyl-3-[2,6-(S)-dimethylocten-2-yl]imidazolium (MDIM+BF4−) as solvents have been studied using micro-samples, with a volume 10 μL, under vacuum conditions controlled gas moisture supplies. impact water—absorbed into liquid in manner from phase—on voltammetry dissolved redox systems on accessible potential window was...

The electrochemical reduction of oxygen in two different room-temperature ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][N(Tf)2]) and hexyltriethylammonium ([N6222][N(Tf)2]) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry at a gold microdisk electrode. Chronoamperometric measurements were made to determine the diffusion coefficient, D, concentration, c, electroactive dissolved liquid fitting experimental transients Aoki model. [Aoki, K.; et al. J. Electroanal....

The use of microdroplet modified electrodes provides a simple methodology with which to study the biphasic electrochemistry plethora species, encouraging such techniques mimic emulsion media. Furthermore, since droplets may be miniaturised, this approach assist in field biomimetic electrochemistry. For these reasons, paper reviews voltammetry electrochemically active droplets. primary focus review is unsupported droplets, where electron transfer processes occur at three phase boundary, base...

Sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs) (outer exoskeletal wall of the spores Lycopodium clavatum) were extracted and examined for their potential use as microcapsules. They shown, by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), to be void inner contents. The removal nitrogenous other internal materials was supported a combination elemental gravimetric analyses. Two different methods investigated encapsulate substances into SECs which (i) mild passive migration (ii) subjecting vacuum. A range...

The cyclic voltammetry response of partially blocked electrodes is modeled using finite difference simulations and a method presented for determining currents at electrode surfaces which have well-defined geometric blocking pattern. Peak current peak separation data are six decades scan rates, coverage values between 0.1 0.9 the limits reversible irreversible electrochemistry. validity simulation approach employed verified by obtained experimentally from purpose-built gold film electrodes,...

Electron transfer inside self-assembled monolayers made from complex redox-active oligophenylenevinylene molecular wires is examined by ultrafast cyclic voltammetry. Rate constants above 10(6) s(-1) are measured when the electroactive moieties easily accessible to counterions electrolyte. These counterion movements necessary compensate local charge created upon electron transfer. Conversely, if redox center buried within long hydrophobic diluents, movement towards entity becomes rate...

Green synthesis is employed to prepare cobalt/cellulose nanocomposites with antibacterial and magnetic properties. The cellulose-stabilised, cubic (α-cobalt) cobalt nanoclusters are distributed evenly over the surface of cellulose fibres.

The reduction of oxygen in the presence carbon dioxide has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry at a gold microdisk electrode two room-temperature ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][N(Tf)2]) and hexyltriethylammonium ([N6222][N(Tf)2]). With increasing levels CO2, shows an increase reductive wave diminishing oxidative wave, indicating that generated superoxide readily reacts with dioxide. kinetics this reaction are both liquids. was found to...

The cyclic voltammetric response of partially blocked electrodes is modeled using finite difference simulations, and a method presented for the determination currents at electrode surfaces that have an unstructured blocking pattern. first applied to predict current purposely fabricated gold film in which monodispersed disks are randomly sprinkled over surface. theoretical models subsequently case basal plane pyrolytic graphite modified with microdroplets electrochemically inactive oil....

A microfluidic device has been developed to maintain viable heart tissue samples in a biomimetic microenvironment. This allows rat or human be studied under pseudo vivo conditions. Effluent levels of lactate dehydrogenase and hydrogen peroxide were used as markers damaged combination with situ electrochemical measurement the release reactive oxygen species (ROS). The parameters for perfusion optimized biopsies right ventricular atrial up 5 3.5 hours, respectively. Electrochemical assessment...

Abstract An alizarin based voltammetric pH sensor is introduced. This device fabricated by screen printing the alizarin, which a pH‐sensitive redox compound, mixed with carbon ink onto aluminum (aluminum foil coated paste). electrode shows Nernst response to both buffered and unbuffered media, potential shift 55.8 mV/pH unit working range up 10. approach suggests disposable, reproducible, low‐cost method for sensing possibility of miniaturization. A further study this type nafion reveals...

The reaction of superoxide with carbon dioxide is studied using voltammetry and potential step chronoamperometry at polycrystalline gold disk microelectrodes in a DMSO electrolyte. In agreement prior work, it found that occurs between the anion radical dioxide, effectively precluding their simultaneous detection low levels dioxide. rate to be first-order respect both superoxide, consistent an ECE or DISP1 type process. A constant determined for this based upon two independent methods: fast...

Electrochemical glycosylation of a selenoglycoside donor proceeds efficiently in an undivided cell acetonitrile to yield β-glycosides. Measurement cyclic voltammograms for selection seleno-, thio-, and O-glycosides indicates the dependence oxidation potential on anomeric substituent allowing possibility rapid construction oligosaccharides by selective electrochemical activation utilising variable potentials combination with reactivity tuning glycosyl donor. A variety disaccharides are...

The electrochemistry of microdroplets, shown to be nearly monodisperse, N,N,N',N'-tetraalkyl-para-phenylenediamine oils (TRPD, R = n-butyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, and n-nonyl) immobilized on a basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode immersed into aqueous electrolyte solution is studied using cyclic voltammetry. Upon oxidation the TRPD droplet cation radical TRPD+•, anion uptake from, or loss takes place, so as maintain electroneutrality within oily deposit. former process produce an ionic...

The recently proposed highly efficient route of pyridine-catalyzed CO2 reduction to methanol was explored on platinum electrodes at high pressure. At 55 bar (5.5 MPa) , the bulk electrolysis in both potentiostatic and galvanostatic regimes resulted production with Faradaic yields up 10 % for first 5-10 C cm(-2) charge passed. For longer electrolysis, concentration failed increase proportionally limited sub-ppm levels irrespective biasing conditions pyridine concentration. This limitation...

In this paper, a detailed investigation of electrochemical reactions coupled with homogenous chemical steps using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave (SWV) was carried out to study the electrocatalytic (EC′) mechanism.

Small, spherical silver nanoclusters were synthesised on the surface of paper as a model cellulosic fibre substrate by standard chemical reduction method. The concentration is roughly proportional to initial salt concentration. However, there noticeable degree nanocluster aggregation larger agglomerates. addition small amounts α-cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose or aminocellulose during synthesis silver/cellulose nanocomposites suppresses this and significantly increases fibres cellulose....

With water providing a highly favored solution environment for industrial processes (and in biological processes), it is interesting to develop water-based electrolysis the synthesis and conversion of organic biomass-based molecules. Molecules with low solubility aqueous media can be dispersed/solubilized (i) by physical dispersion tools (e.g., milling, power ultrasound, or high-shear ultraturrax processing), (ii) some cases pressurization/supersaturation gases), (iii) adding cosolvents...

Modelling electrochemical processes at the three phase junction between electrode–aqueous electrolyte–oil droplet presents a considerable challenge due to complexity of simultaneous electron transfer electrode and droplet, ion uptake or expulsion aqueous phase, interaction redox centers high concentration, transport accompanying process. For case oxidation para-tetrahexylphenylenediamine (THPD) microdroplet deposits on basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes random arrrays microelectrodes...

The charging of an undivided cerium–zinc redox battery by various current waveforms some which mimic the output renewable energy (solar, wind, tidal, biofuel burning) to electricity transducers is considered in this work, where operates through diffusion-only conditions, and discharged galvanostatically. Under reasonable assumption, mathematical model developed enables observation that performance characteristic cells charged with a constant power input differentiates between current–charge...