Combining a detailed outcrop characterization of fracture and fault occurrence with attributes from three-dimensional model an anticlinally folded clastic reservoir body, we determine which characteristics the structural form evolution are most closely related to development important reservoir-scale structures. Our example body studied is Frontier Formation 1 sandstone in Oil Mountain, asymmetric anticline on western flank Casper arch central Wyoming. The structure was constructed using...

It is becoming widely recognized that a relationship exists between stress, stress heterogeneity, and the permeability of subsurface fractures faults. We present an analysis South Sumatra Suban gas field, developed mainly in fractured carbonate crystalline basement, where active deformation has partitioned reservoir into distinct structural domains. These domains have differing geomechanical attributes control architecture field. The field composite Paleogene extensional elements been...

Abstract The rate of seismicity in the hydrocarbon‐producing Fort Worth Basin north‐central Texas, which underlies Dallas–Fort metropolitan area, increased markedly from 2008 through 2015, coinciding spatiotemporally with injection 2 billion barrels wastewater into deep aquifers. Although has declined rates, some earthquake sequences remained active 2018 and new clusters have developed. Most this occurred away regionally mapped faults, challenging efforts to constrain continuing hazards...

We analyze fracture-density variations in subsurface fault-damage zones two distinct geologic environments, adjacent to faults the granitic SSC reservoir and arkosic sandstones near San Andreas fault central California. These damage are similar terms of width, peak fracture or (FF) density, rate FF density decay with distance from main fault. Seismic images exhibit a large basement master associated 27 seismically resolvable second-order faults. A maximum 5 6 FF/m (1.5 1.8 FF/ft) observed 50...

Abstract The Jurassic to Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Surat Basin in southeast Queensland host a significant volume coal seam gas resources. Consequently, knowledge situ stress is important for permeability enhancement and wellbore stability. Using wireline log data direct measurements, we have calculated orientations from 36 wells magnitudes 7 across Basin. Our results reveal relationship between high tectonic proximity structures within underlying “basement” rocks. influence...

Abstract Here we used Sentinel‐1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data acquired between November 2014 to January 2019 map how the basin's surface has deformed in response fluid injection and extraction. While our stacking approach low complexity, its accuracy increases with volume. With an automated outlier removal algorithm, achieved ∼2 mm/year across basin presence of up ±15 cm tropospheric noise. We observed numerous subsidence uplift features near active production...

Fractures, which are common structural heterogeneities in geological folds and domes, impact the charge, seal, trapping potential of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Because their effects on reservoir quality, numerical prediction fractures has recently been focus petroleum geoscientists. A horizon's curvature is commonly used to infer state deformation those strata. It assumed that areas elevated calculated curvatures underwent deformation, resulting a concentration faults there. Usually, from...

Abstract In recent years, numerous small earthquakes have occurred near the town of Pecos in West Texas; however, when this activity began and whether it was caused by increased petroleum industry has been uncertain because prior to 2017 there were few permanent seismograph stations region. We identify locate using data recorded since 2000 at TXAR, a sensitive 10‐station seismic array situated about 240 km south Pecos. thus show that 2007, one earthquake Pecos, 2009 several more occurred,...

Abstract The Delaware basin of west Texas and southeast New Mexico has experienced elevated earthquake rates linked spatiotemporally to unconventional petroleum operations. Limited knowledge subsurface faults, the in situ geomechanical state, exact way which operations have affected pore pressure (Pp) stress state at depth makes causative assessment difficult, actions required for mitigation uncertain. To advance both goals, we integrate comprehensive regional fault interpretations,...

Fracture prediction in subsurface reservoirs is critical for exploration through exploitation of hydrocarbons. Methods predicting fractures commonly neglect to include the stratigraphic architecture as part or characterization process. This omission a mistake. We have documented complex heterogeneous fracture development within eolian Tensleep Sandstone Wyoming, which arguably one least reservoir facies. Fractures develop at four scales observation: lamina-bound, facies-bound,...

A flat, large, semi-arid plateau in the southwest United States (west Texas and southeast New Mexico) underlain by a deep Paleozoic sedimentary basin, tectonic Delaware Basin, host of intensive hydrocarbon production. Impacts injection large volumes water produced from oil gas wells injected through 1000 + disposal wells, particular, pressure buildup, induced seismicity their potential consequences, formation underlying fresh-water aquifers but separated them thick layers evaporites. The...

The aim of part 2 is to understand the development complex hydraulic fractures (HFs) that are commonly observed in field and experiments but not explained by most models. Our approach uses finite element simulations a numerical rheology developed 1 model damage fracturing, fracturing process propagation rock with elastic–plastic rheology. Using this dynamic solution technique, we investigate effect far-field stresses pressure distribution fracture on geometric complexity fractures. for...

Abstract The contribution investigates the relationship between in situ stress regimes, natural fracture systems and propagation of induced hydraulic fractures APLNG's (Australia Pacific Liquid Natural Gas) acreage within Jurassic to Cretaceous Surat Basin southeast Queensland. On a regional scale data suggest that large basement fault have significant influence on lateral vertical interplay geomechanical components which ultimately control permeability distribution area. At local we show...

Production from self-sourced reservoirs relies on natural and induced fracturing for permeability conductance of hydrocarbons to the producing wellbores, thus or is often a key success in unconventional reservoir plays. On other hand, fractures may compromise seals large well-connected faults cause undesirable complications reservoirs. Natural are influenced by (1) mechanical stratigraphy, (2) pre-existing deformation such as faults, fractures, folds, (3) situ stress conditions, both...

Abstract Earthquakes were induced in the Fort Worth Basin from 2008 through 2020 by increase pore pressure injection of oilfield wastewater (SWD). In this region and elsewhere, a missing link understanding mechanics causation has been lack comprehensive models evolution (ΔPp) SWD. We integrate detailed earthquake catalogs, ΔPp, probabilistic fault slip potential (FSP) find that faults near large‐scale SWD operations became unstable early, when ΔPp reached ∼0.31 MPa FSP 0.24. Faults farther...

Abstract Rates of seismicity in the Delaware Basin Texas and New Mexico increased from 10 earthquakes per year local magnitude ( M L ) 3.0 above 2017 to more than 185 2022, coincident with increasing oil gas production wastewater re‐injection into strata shallow or deeper producing intervals. Events large magnitude—up 5.4 to‐date—occur on faults extending formations basement that have received four billion barrels injection. Here, we demonstrate link between injection geology, pore pressure...

Summary Secondary fractures and faults associated with reservoir-scale affect both permeability anisotropy hence play an important role in controlling the production behavior of a faulted reservoir. It is well known from geologic studies that there concentration secondary damage zones adjacent to large faults. Because are usually inadequate data fully incorporate damage-zone into reservoir-simulation models, this study uses principles dynamic rupture propagation earthquake seismology predict...

The Delaware Basin of Texas and New Mexico is experiencing elevated levels seismicity. There have been more than 130 earthquakes with local magnitudes at least 3.0 recorded between 2017 2021, occurring in spatiotemporally isolated diffuse clusters. Many these events linked to oilfield operations such as hydraulic fracturing wastewater disposal multiple subsurface levels; however, the identification characterization earthquake-hosting faults remained elusive. are two distinct faulting central...

The Delaware Basin in West Texas and Southeast New Mexico has experienced a proliferation seismic activity since 2016. is primarily due to subsurface injection of wastewater into shallow deep reservoirs. However, the precise mechanisms connecting fluid are not well understood. To shed light on these processes, we measured rate-state friction poromechanical properties rocks sampled from Mountain Group (DMG) at pressures stresses representative in-situ conditions. Experiments were conducted...

Subsurface disposal of salt water coproduced with oil and gas has become a critical issue in the United States because linkages induced seismicity, as seen Oklahoma northcentral Texas. Here, we assess spatiotemporal stratigraphic variations salt-water (SWD) volumes Permian Basin. The results this analysis provide input into integrated assessments needed for handling produced emerging concerns, such seismicity. Wellbore architecture, permits, were compiled, interpreted intervals geologic...

From 2006 through mid-2018, there have been 125 [Formula: see text] recorded earthquakes within the Fort Worth Basin and Dallas-Fort metropolitan area. There is general scientific consensus that this increase in seismicity has induced by increases pore-fluid pressure from wastewater injection cross-fault pore-pressure imbalance due to production. Previous fault stress analyses indicate many of faults are critically stressed; therefore, careful consideration should be taken when injecting...