A5082957260- Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies
- Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Catalysts for Methane Reforming
- Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
- Fire dynamics and safety research
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Coal Combustion and Slurry Processing
- Lignin and Wood Chemistry
- Inorganic Fluorides and Related Compounds
- Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis
- Engineering Applied Research
- Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
- Catalytic Cross-Coupling Reactions
- Radical Photochemical Reactions
- Combustion and flame dynamics
- Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods
- Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes
- Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization
- Global Energy and Sustainability Research
- Iron and Steelmaking Processes
- Radiative Heat Transfer Studies
- Coordination Chemistry and Organometallics
- Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
2014-2023
University of Sussex
2004-2010
University of Reading
1965-2003
University of Southampton
2003
Oregon State University
2003
University of Michigan
1989-1996
Biomass, a product of photosynthesis, is renewable resource that can be used for sustainable production hydrogen. We propose an approach combines hydrogen with valuable coproducts and shows promising economics. The concept based on two-stage process: fast pyrolysis biomass to generate bio-oil, followed by catalytic steam reforming the or fraction thereof, produce preferred option separation bio-oil into lignin-derived fraction, which could producing phenolic resins fuel-blending components,...
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect Observation of Alkali Vapor Release during Biomass Combustion and Gasification. 1. Application Molecular Beam/Mass Spectrometry to Switchgrass CombustionDavid C. Dayton, Richard J. French, Thomas A. MilneCite this: Energy Fuels 1995, 9, 5, 855–865Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September...
In situ and ex catalytic pyrolysis were compared in a system with two 2-in. bubbling fluidized bed reactors. Pine was pyrolyzed the catalyst, HZSM-5 silica-to-alumina ratio of 30, placed either first (pyrolysis) reactor or second (upgrading) reactor. Both upgrading temperatures 500 °C, weight hourly space velocity 1.1 h–1. Five cycles completed each experiment. The continued until oxygenates vapors became dominant. catalyst then oxidized, after which new cycle begun. configuration gave...
Bifunctional fixed-bed catalysts improve CFP performance.
Thermal decomposition of the most common plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene produces a mixture many different hydrocarbons that can be used feedstock for producing hydrogen. The proposed process includes two steps: pyrolysis catalytic steam reforming gases vapors. This research provides proof concept supported by experiments on selected polymers performed using microscale reactor system interfaced with molecular beam mass spectrometer demonstrates performance two-reactor...
Hot-vapor-filtered bio-oils were produced from two different biomass feedstocks, oak and switchgrass, the oils evaluated in hydroprocessing tests for production of liquid hydrocarbon products. Hot-vapor filtering reduced bio-oil yields increased gas yields. The fuel carbon as by 10% hot-vapor both feedstocks. unfiltered alongside filtered using a fixed-bed catalytic hydrotreating test. These showed good processing results two-stage strategy. Equal-sized catalyst beds, sulfided Ru on C bed...
Metal-impregnated (Ni or Ga) ZSM-5 catalysts were studied for biomass pyrolysis vapor upgrading to produce hydrocarbons using three reactors constituting a 100 000× change in the amount of catalyst used experiments. Catalysts screened phase activity two small-scale reactors: (i) Pyroprobe with 10 mg fixed bed and (ii) fixed-bed reactor 500 catalyst. The best performing then validated larger scale fluidized-bed (using ∼1 kg catalyst) that produced measurable quantities bio-oil analysis...
Mitigation of tars produced during biomass gasification continues to be a technical barrier developing systems. This effort combined the measurement tar-reforming catalyst deactivation kinetics and production syngas in pilot-scale system at single steady-state condition with mixed woods, producing gas an H2-to-CO ratio 2 13% methane. A slipstream from this process was introduced into bench-scale 5.25 cm diameter fluidized-bed reactor charged alkali-promoted Ni-based/Al2O3 catalyst. Catalyst...
Abstract Fast pyrolysis produces a liquid product that represents ∼70% of the mass starting material. However, since raw oil is highly corrosive, largely immiscible with hydrocarbons, and only partly volatile, it unsuitable for use in conventional petroleum refinery or as finished fuel. Catalytic hydroprocessing can remove oxygen to make gasoline‐ diesel‐like product, but processing costs have not been attractive. Economic analysis suggests mild hydroprocessing, leaving 7 wt % reduce...
Bio-oil derived by fast pyrolysis of biomass represents a potentially attractive source hydrocarbon transportation fuels. Raw bio-oil however is completely unsuitable for application as fuel due primarily to high organic oxygen content, which imparts number undesirable properties including acidity and low stability. These problems can be overcome catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO); however, removing very levels hydrotreating carries strong economic penalty. Mild (where moderate deoxygenation...
Removal of tars produced during biomass gasification continues to be a technical barrier confronted by developers commercial thermochemical conversion systems. Quantitative measurement tar in the synthesis gas (syngas) stream is important assess effectiveness cleanup and conditioning processes verify suitability cleaned syngas for its intended downstream use (e.g., catalytic liquid fuels, hydrogen recovery, or electricity production). In an effort advance art gasifier address some...
Bio-oil derived by fast pyrolysis of biomass represents a potentially attractive source hydrocarbon transportation fuels. Raw bio-oil, however, is unsuitable for application as fuel due primarily to high organic oxygen content, which imparts number undesirable properties including acidity and low stability. These problems can be overcome catalytic hydrodeoxygenation; removing very levels hydrotreating carries strong economic penalty. Mild (where moderate deoxygenation take place) coupled...
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular structure and quadratic force field of chromyl fluoride, CrO2F2Richard J. French, Lise Hedberg, Kenneth Gary L. Gard, Bruce M. JohnsonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 6, 892–895Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00148a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00148a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle...
Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) has been identified as a promising pathway for the production of renewable fuels and co-products. However, continued technology development is needed to increase process efficiency reduce costs. This report builds upon previous research in which bifunctional metal–acid Pt/TiO2 catalyst was utilized fixed-bed reactor operated with co-fed H2 improve product yield coke generation compared conventional CFP methods. Here, we further optimization, achieved similar...
Biomass was upgraded to fuel blendstocks via catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) followed by hydrotreating using three approaches: ex situ CFP with a zeolite catalyst (HZSM-5), hydrodeoxygenation (Pt/TiO2) and cofed hydrogen, in low-cost mixed metal oxide (red mud). Each approach evaluated common pine feedstock the same procedure. The oxygen contents oils ranged from 17 28 wt % on dry basis, carbon efficiencies for processes were range of 28–38%. residual reduced <1 during hydrotreating, which...
The effect of the catalyst type, hydroprocessing conditions, and feed preparation on mild hydrotreating biomass pyrolytic lignin was examined. Pyrolytic oils were produced by water separation at 1:1 3:1 water/oil mass ratios. Hydrotreating performed in a semi-batch reactor three severities using sulfided NiMo/Al2O3, Pd/C, Pt/C catalysts. Over half carbon could be converted to low-oxygen (<5%), low-acid, volatile, hydrocarbon-miscible liquid product. This achieved with all catalysts most...