Objectives: An effective vaccine to SARS-CoV-2 cannot be successfully deployed if a significant number of people worldwide are unwilling accept it. We investigated the relationship between trust in scientists and medical professionals perceptions safety effectiveness. also build on past studies by exploring confidence global health organizations hesitancy. Methods: conducted an online survey seventeen countries/territories across five world regions May -June 2020. assessed COVID19 hesitancy,...

The (re)building of the post-communist states offers new perspectives both on state and multiple transitions that followed communism. Specifically, it shifts our analytical focus from as consolidated outcomes unitary actors to process by which come into being action in modern era. This consists elite competition over policy-making authority, is shaped constrained existing institutional resources, pacing transformation, international context. four ideal types state-building result are...

▪ Abstract Most political scientists and economists unequivocally accept the proposition that abundant mineral resources are more often a curse than blessing, particularly for developing countries. We argue widely accepted contention an abundance of influx external rents generated from these during boom periods to blame so-called “resource curse” should be revisited. Instead, we offer new research agenda studying problem resource-rich states shifts locus study away “paradox plenty”...

Countless studies document the correlation between abundant mineral resources and a series of negative economic political outcomes, including poor performance, unbalanced growth, weakly institutionalized states, authoritarian regimes across developing world. The disappointing experience mineral-rich countries has generated large body scholarship aimed at explaining this empirical list prescriptions for combating resource curse. most popular solutions emphasize macroeconomic policies,...

1. The continuity of change: old formulas and new institutions 2. Explaining institutional design in transitional states: beyond structure versus agency 3. Sources continuity: the Soviet legacy Central Asia 4. context 5. electoral system Kyrgyzstan: rise regions 6. Uzbekistan: revenge center 7. Kazakhstan: center's regions' 8. Institutional change through shifting power prospects for democracy.

There is a widespread presumption that Islamists have an advantage over their opponents when it comes to generating mass appeal and winning elections. The question remains, however, as whether these advantages-or, what we refer collectively Islamist political advantage-actually exist. We argue that-to the extent advantage-the primary source of this reputation rather than provision social services, organizational capacity, or ideological hegemony. Our purpose not dismiss main sources...

The literature on resource-rich states leaves a key and prior question unexplored: Why how do choose to develop their natural resources? authors address this gap by explaining the divergence in oil gas development strategies five energy-rich Soviet successor states. argue that leaders based domestic constraints they face when either discover or gain newfound authority over resource endowments: (a) availability of alternative sources export revenue (b) level political contestation. Where...

The view of institutions as coercion rather than contracts dominates the comparative politics literature on both institutional creation and economic reform. emergence a collectively optimal tax code in Russia demonstrates limitations this emphasis coercion. This new was not imposed by strong central leader, mandated international institutions, or result state capture powerful interest groups. Rather, it is product mutually beneficial exchange between Russian government oil companies....

Talks about States and societies from Soviet rule to independence. This volume compares State building society interactions in the five post central Asian States. It offers insights national, religious identities.

THE PROMOTION OF LOCAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS (hereafter LNGOs) in the successor states of Soviet Union and Eastern Europe has increasingly become focus international democracy-building efforts, orchestrated through active involvement Western non-governmental organisations WNGOs). As part democratisation process, liberal democracies perceive that support for LNGOs serves as initial building blocks a civil society. These efforts at democracy raise two sets broad questions. First, what...

This article integrates historical and rational choice approaches to institutional origin change explain the establishment of electoral systems in three former Soviet Central Asian republics—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan. It argues that institutions designed under transitional circumstances are products interaction between preceding setting dynamic uncertainty surrounds them. Strategic actors engaged process design use both contexts order assess degree direction which their relative...

The internationalization of emerging country national oil companies (NOCs) is one the most surprising manifestations state capitalism’s resurgence at end 20th century. Existing research argues that structural changes international level and economic advantages domestic created a uniform capacity across NOCs to internationalize in 2000s. Yet, there significant variation degree which have expanded abroad. We argue this cross-national product two political conditions: (a) whether NOC emerged...

Abstract What is the relationship between trust in religious leaders and compliance with policies that are costly to individual? Religious often have moral authority affect individuals’ willingness adopt prosocial behaviors. Yet, influence can be either positive or negative because face mixed incentives encourage their leadership decentralized. We argue greater will increase countries a dominant religion centralized offer coherent message aligns state directives. test our hypotheses using...

What influences the adoption of SARS-CoV-2 mitigation behaviors–both personal, such as mask wearing and frequent handwashing, social, avoiding large gatherings physical contact–across countries? Understanding why some individuals are more willing to change their behavior mitigate spread a pandemic will not only help us address current but also respond future ones. Researchers have pointed variety factors that may influence individual personal social behaviors, including inequality, risk...