- Crystallization and Solubility Studies
- X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
- Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes
- Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials
- Crystallography and molecular interactions
- Magnetism in coordination complexes
- Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes
- Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry
- Polydiacetylene-based materials and applications
- Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications
- Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
- Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis
- Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
- Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
- Advanced Sensor Technologies Research
- Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Nanocluster Synthesis and Applications
- Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Agricultural economics and policies
Durham University
2015-2025
University of Edinburgh
2010-2024
University of Missouri
2010-2020
Durham Technical Community College
2016-2018
BG Group (United Kingdom)
2018
Heriot-Watt University
2009-2014
South College
2013
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2010
Birmingham Dental Hospital
1970
The use of methylene-bridged calix[4]arenes in 3d/4f chemistry produces a family clusters general formula [Mn(III)(4)Ln(III)(4)(OH)(4)(C4)(4)(NO(3))(2)(DMF)(6)(H(2)O)(6)](OH)(2) (where C4 = calix[4]arene; Ln Gd (1), Tb (2), Dy (3)). molecular structure describes square Ln(III) ions housed within Mn(III) ions. Magnetic studies reveal that 1 has large number spin states are populated even at the lowest investigated temperatures, while ferromagnetic limit S 22 is being approached only highest...
Resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) is a new technology designed for intensive of powders that offers the capability to process with minimal damage particles. This feature particularly important impact-sensitive materials such as explosives and propellants. While RAM technique has been extensively employed viscous polymers, comparatively little known about its use mechanosynthesis. We present here first in situ study RAM-induced co-crystallisation monitored using synchrotron X-ray powder...
We report the incorporation of functionalised carbon nanodots within a low molecular weight salt hydrogel enhancing gelation and fluorescence properties both gel nanomaterial.
Abstract In the cone conformation calix[4]arenes possess lower‐rim polyphenolic pockets that are ideal for complexation of various transition‐metal centres. Reaction these molecules with manganese salts in presence an appropriate base (and some cases co‐ligand) results formation a family calixarene‐supported [Mn III 2 Mn II ] clusters behave as single‐molecule magnets (SMMs). Variation alkyl groups present at upper‐rim allows expression degree control over self‐assembly SMM building blocks,...
Control over molecule conformation and transition metal cluster formation has been combined to afford metal–organic calixarene building blocks that induce nanotube in the solid state. The resulting assembly type can have chosen magnetic properties, three types of solvent filled channel differ diameter shape (see picture).
New pseudo-trigonal planar supramolecular building blocks housing tri-capped trigonal prismatic [Cu(9)] clusters have been isolated from the facile reaction of Cu(II) salts with p-(t)But-calix[4]arene.
The synthesis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure of a dimeric zinc-seamed nanocapsule using mixed pyrogallol/resorcinol[4]arene are presented. use "mixed" macrocycles results in an incomplete seam coordination bonds around the nanocapsule's typically octa-metalated belt. self-assembly occurs such that single resorcinol moiety each macrocycle aligns transversely. This yields hepta-metalated capsule where defect way as to provide minimal disruption overall nanocapsule.
We present two approaches to low-molecular-weight supramolecular gels bearing hydrophobic cavities based on calixarene-containing building blocks.
The salts of 5-ureidosalyclic acid (5-USA) form a range pillared salt inclusion complexes from basic solvents, namely, triethylamine, piperidine, morpholine, and 4-ethylpyridine. triethylamine derivative is unsolvated, while the other include 1-3 solvent molecules formula XH+(5-USA-H)-·nX (X = n 1, 2, 3 (2a - 2c); X 4-ethylpyridine, 1 (3) 2.5 (4)). morpholine expands layered structure to or guests. 5-USA anion can also act as bidentate ligand for manganese(III), again forming highly solvated...
Appending perfluoroalkyl substituents to bis(urea) gelators results in significantly decreased inter-chain interactions with markedly thinner fibres and hence more cross-linked transparent gels potential applications the crystallisation of fluorinated pharmaceuticals.
Mono-ureido salicylic acid derivatives form hydrogen bonded dimers that mimic the gelation behaviour of covalently linked bis(urea)s. The 5-ureido isomers are much more effective gelators because lowered conjugation and less planar geometry, resulting in stronger urea···urea α-tape bonding interactions.
A carboxylated nanocellulose organogel facilitates crystallization of pharmaceutical solid forms including a new sulfapyridine solvate.
Crystallisation of tris-carboxylatocalix[4]arenes from pyridine affords self-assembled layered and triply helical nanotubular arrays; the latter these represents a modulation nanotubule spacing in persistent self-assembly motif.
Vortex fluidic mediated shearing of supramolecular gels in thin films leads to complete disruption fluorous bis-urea derived gels. Hydrocarbon analogues however, are only partially disrupted, which emphasizes the resistance non-fluorous gelators towards shear. The gel structures have been studied by combining film with small angle neutron scattering. This technique represents a novel approach study effects external stimuli on self-assembled networks.
A highly piezochromic co-crystal of the energetic molecule NTO with bipyridine. Colour change attributed to direct compresion crystal lattice. No phase transition observed between 0–8 GPa. Impact sensitivity reduced compared NTO.
A tailored supramolecular gel and microemulsion crystallization strategy has been applied to isoniazid crystal screening.
Crystallisation of lower-rim tetra-O-alkylated p-carboxylatocalix[4]arenes from pyridine results in the formation both bi-layer and pillar type supramolecular motifs. Full alkylation at calixarene lower rim has significant influence over self-assembly motif, including preclusion guest molecules cavity solid state.
We report an approach to obtain drug-mimetic supramolecular gelators, which are capable of stabilizing metastable polymorphs the pharmaceutical salt mexiletine hydrochloride, a highly polymorphic antiarrhythmic drug. Solution-phase screening led discovery two new solvated solid forms mexiletine, type C 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene tetarto-solvate and D nitrobenzene solvate. Various were crystallized within gels under conditions would not have been possible in solution. Despite typically...
Crystallisation of a tris-p-carboxylatocalix[4]arene from various pyridine derivatives leads, in some cases, to further self-assembly into triply helical nanotubes, demonstrating the degree tolerance structure motif towards introduction alkyl groups around aromatic ring guest template.
Crystallization of four di-O-alkyl-tris-p-carboxylatocalix[4]arenes from a series pyridine derivatives has been carried out to investigate the effect introducing alkyl groups around guest/template. Where single crystals were obtained, for 12 24 possible structures, in all but one case calixarenes assemble with derivative into hydrogen-bonded head-to-head dimers within extended bilayer or nanotubular arrays.
A crystallization study of four tetra-O-alkyl p-carboxylatocalix[4]arenes from a series pyridine derivatives has been carried out to investigate the effects varying length calixarene lower-rim alkyl group introduced, and introduction groups around guest/template. Analysis 11 24 possible sets single crystals formed shows trends in self-assembly based on availability cavity for guest/template inclusion, either Py···CO2H or CO2H···CO2H synthons, dominance one synthon over other depending position ring.
Addition of cadmium(II) nitrate to gallium-coordinated metal-organic C-alkylpyrogallol[4]arene nano-capsules affords a variation the near spherical hexamer motif, structural changes in which are induced by markedly different nature secondary incorporated metal.