The literature covering Plug-in Electric Vehicles (EVs) contains many charging/discharging strategies. However, none of the review papers covers such strategies in a complete fashion where all patterns EVs are identified. Filling gap literature, we clearly and systematically classify After providing clear definition for each strategy, provide detailed comparison between them by categorizing differences as follows: complexity; economics power losses on grid side; ability to ancillary services...

Photovoltaic (PV) arrays may be shaded by neighbouring buildings, power lines, trees, clouds, birds, grass and so on. This study begins discussing the effects of partial shading on PV characteristics efficiency. It also provides a comparative literature review methods used to mitigate these effects. Afterwards, this proposes novel unit called compensation (SCU). SCU is intended alter P – V partially become closer non‐shaded ones. Simulations are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink for...

The sensitivity analysis becomes particularly critical for voltage stability due to the fluctuation in power outputs of renewable energy resources. Besides, impacts different load modeling and operation mode Distributed Generations (DGs) are not addressed well-known methods. Therefore, this work presents a new approach find relation between Voltage Stability Margin (VSM) control variables systems, considering dependent characteristics loads DGs. is performed on VSM, defined from equivalent...

In recent years, air pollution and climate change issues have pushed people worldwide to switch using electric vehicles (EVs) instead of gas-driven vehicles. Unfortunately, most distribution system facilities are neither designed nor well prepared accommodate these new types loads, which characterized by random uncertain behavior. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive investigation EVs’ effect on realistic system. It technical evaluation analysis real system’s load voltage drop in...

This study proposes an improved single-diode modelling approach for photovoltaic (PV) modules suitable a broad range of the PV technologies available today, including based on tandem cell structures. After establishing model (which has overall seven parameters), this devises methodology to estimate its parameters using Standard Test Conditions (STC) data, Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT) and temperature coefficient values as provided in most manufacturers’ datasheets. Simulation...

This paper proposes a controller to track the maximum power point (MPP) of photovoltaic (PV) system using fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller. The employed MPPT is operated based on dp/dv feedback approach. designed FOPID-MPPT method includes differentiator order (μ) and integrator (λ), meaning it an extension conventional PID FOPID has more flexibility achieves dynamical tuning, which leads efficient control system. contribution our lies optimizing...

This paper presents Wind Turbine (WT) power-speed characteristics. It then discusses Weibull distribution along with critical wind speeds relevant to the analysis of turbines feasibility studies. The significance this is that it 1. corrects some common misconceptions about power coefficients WTs and 2. mathematically shows how comparing different potential areas for integrating using average speed might sometimes be misleading. Our results indicate maximize total energy yield, matching rated...

Despite the common norm of modeling wind regimes using two-parameter Weibull distribution (2WD), this probability density function (PDF) is not suitable for sites calm regime. Furthermore, 2WD PDF lacks bimodality and exhibits a quasi-flat shape, which are phenomena seen occasionally in some sites. In paper, application bimodal (BWD) proposed as more comprehensive alternative to conventional 2WD. A comparative analysis BWD with 2WD, five-parameter distribution, three-parameter generalized...

This paper proposes an enhanced primary control unit of the distributed generator inside microgrid when DG is grid-connected and operated autonomously. The methods needed for inverter in mode autonomous operation have been investigated. rotating reference frame employed has clarified to investigate how active reactive power are delivered main grid. When suffers from local disturbance conditions, it should be disconnected grid switched off or its changed voltage-frequency mode. Therefore, a...

This paper addresses two problems of interest in the present time, namely, characterization price variations and corresponding load response to them. The begins by defining Price Elasticity Matrices (PEMs) shows how they can be used model demands deviation from their scheduled levels due differentials. It then explains reason as why extending PEMs is necessary. Afterward, we show Normal distribution lacks accuracy modeling variation market clearing prices one day next. Based on empirical...

Mutual impedances of transmission lines are not equal due to unequal spacing between conductors which creates problems like circulating current in double circuit lines. In this paper, the authors introduce novel configurations constraints for hexagonal arrangement that will achieve mutual without transposition. Principal results such uncoupling positive, negative and zero sequence networks, minimizing unbalance values, increasing line loadability. Impact adding one two ground wires on...

The literature contains different methods for estimating logistic functions parameters to fit the power-speed characteristics of a wind turbine (WT). However, their disadvantages are: (1) they require large amount supervisory control and data acquisition data; (2) parameter range needed constrained optimization is not systematically determined; and/or (3) do guarantee monotonically increasing relationship between speed predicted WT output power. This paper proposes systematic approach...

While the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources (RERs) into electric power grid reduces greenhouse gas emissions, it may drive grid's parts towards "weak grid" conditions under which instability occur due to small disturbances leading voltage oscillations affecting operation generation plants. To avoid such weak issues, one effective way is reinforce by updating its components. A cost-effective reinforcement needs information critical components whose updates can significantly...

Voltage control of distribution networks is one the main tasks for network operators. Integrating high levels renewable energy resources into power may cause many challenges on system operation. The traditional voltage devices fail to handle problems. With development new technologies future (i.e. controllable reactive and demand response programs), it possible introduce an efficient variable control. Thus, this work presents a technique in based injection by end-users. An optimization...

<abstract><p>Major issues with logistic functions (LFs) in modeling wind turbine power-speed characteristics (WTPSCs) include: 1. low accuracy near cut-in and rated speeds due to lack of continuity; 2. difficulties fitting their parameters because ill-conditioning; 3. no guaranteed monotonicity; 4. systematic way determine upper lower limits for parameters. The literature also reports that six parameter LFs may sometimes provide less accurate results than five, four, three...

This paper extends Brown's method of Bus Impedance Matrix (Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bus</sub> ) formation to include the case modifying series impedance an existing line. With conventional method, modeling such modification requires re-constructing Z all over again, which is time-consuming, and redundant if we focus only on specific elements. Our extended based converting a (adding branch between two buses) model direct...

The increasing integration of renewable energy resources onto the electric power grid reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Meanwhile, high penetration may also drive towards weak conditions, under which stability issues affect operation inverter-based generators. To avoid potential issues, one effective way is to reinforce grid. A cost-effective reinforcement needs identify right location critical components whose updates can significantly improve stability. In this paper, a method for fast...

Network modelling is a critical step in the analysis of distribution networks. It used to relate input currents and voltages with output voltages. This work aims construct new admittance matrix for The derived based on ABCD matrix, which presents exact model different types power networks considering unbalance/balanced single/three phase characteristics. takes into account shunt admittances reflect accurate performances components networks, especially presence distributed generation units....