A5082155019- Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Fish biology, ecology, and behavior
- Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets
- Aerospace Engineering and Energy Systems
- Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems
- EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
- Marine animal studies overview
- Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
- Robotic Locomotion and Control
- Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
- Agricultural Economics and Policy
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems
- Education and Critical Thinking Development
- Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Management and Performance Evaluation
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Agricultural and Food Production Studies
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
University of California, Davis
2023
I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre
2021
University College Dublin
2021
Cornell University
2003-2020
Boston Children's Hospital
2020
Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
2020
Texas Tech University
2020
California Institute of Technology
2020
Michigan State University
2010-2015
Alfred State College
2013
ABSTRACT Fast-starts are brief, sudden accelerations used by fish during predator–prey encounters. The kinematics and performance of fast-start manoeuvres have received a lot attention since they may determine the outcome interactions in terms feeding success or survival. We will discuss recent progress on (1) escape responses strikes, (2) species with different body morphologies from habitats, (3) functional significance within context interactions.
Classifications of fish swimming are reviewed as a prelude to discussing functional design and performance in an ecological context. Webb (1984 , 1998 ) classified fishes based on body shape locomotor mode into three basic categories: caudal fin (BCF) periodic, BCF transient (fast‐starts, turns) median paired (MPF) swimmers. Swimming is discussed for each these categories. hypothesized that specialization any given category would limit other. For example, routine MPF swimmers should be...
Compensatory growth is the phase of rapid growth, greater than normal or control which occurs upon adequate refeeding following a period undernutrition. The effect feed cycling periods (periods starvation followed by refeeding), ration level and repetitive cycles on compensatory response in rainbow trout were evaluated two experiments. A feeding cycle 3 weeks produced better results terms average percentage changes weight length, specific rate, either 1 week 2 cycles. fish did as well as, if...
ABSTRACT A blade-element approach is used to analyse the mechanics of dragbased pectoral fin power stroke in an Angelfish steady forward, rectilinear progression. Flow reversal occurs at base beginning and end stroke. Values for rate increase decrease relative velocity blade-elements distally, as do such values hydrodynamical angle attack. At stroke, negative angles occur fin. The outermost 40% produces over 80% total thrust produced during does 80 % work. Small amounts reversed are early...
Inappropriate activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in multiple inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Herein, we aimed to develop novel inhibitors that could minimize risk drug-induced liver injury. Lipophilic ligand efficiency was used as a guiding metric identify series 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[5,1-b][1,3]oxazinesulfonylureas. A leading compound from this advanced into safety studies cynomolgus monkeys, renal toxicity, due precipitation, observed. To overcome obstacle,...
ABSTRACT The kinematics of turning manoeuvres and the distance-time performance in escape responses startled angelfish (Pterophyllum eimekei) are investigated employing high-speed cinematography (400Hz). All observed C-type fast-starts, which fish assumes a C shape at end initial body contraction (stage 1). Kinematic analysis subsequent stage 2) allows response to be classified into two types: single bend (SB), tail does not recoil completely after formation C, double (DB), it does. types...
ABSTRACT The escape performances of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri (Richardson) and northern pike Esox lucius (Linnaeus) (mean lengths 0·32 m 0·38 m, respectively) were measured with subcutaneously implanted accelerometers. Acceleration-time plots reveal two types fast-starts for three pike. Simultaneous high-speed ciné films demonstrate a kinematic basis these differences. Trout performing C-shaped produce unimodal acceleration-time plot (type I) while during S-shaped bimodal...
Elongated-body theory has been fruitfully applied over twenty years to the biofluiddynamic analysis of modes locomotion elongated fishes by means body flexure, with special emphasis on anguilliform mode using undulatory movements, and carangiform where oscillatory movements only a fish's posterior end(including caudal fin) exhibit phase lag behind anterior just as in an undulation yet not nearly much whole wavelength is apparent at any one time. The extension elongated-body analyse median...
Milk production was measured in fourteen Quarter Horse mares at seven stages of a 150-d lactation period. Mares were divided into two groups and fed diets containing either soybean meal or urea as nitrogen supplements. Rations isocaloric, contained approximately 12.5% crude protein fortified with vitamins minerals. Daily milk yield estimated by the weigh-suckle-weigh method composition determined from samples taken hand milking. Average daily ranged 11.8 kg early to 9.8 late lactation....
ABSTRACT Although fish escape trajectories are linearly related to stimulus direction, they vary considerably after the initial turn away from stimulus. Past studies of in and other animals have been analysed by employing linear plots angle versus body turning angle. Here, we define as a circular variable, with 0° direction. Angelfish (Pterophyllum eimekei) non-random when is presented laterally, within an angular zone approximately 30–120° (discriminating zone). The plot shows bimodal...
The kinematics of steady forward swimming in six species Gymnotidae and three Notopteridae are described. All the gymnotids one notopterid (Xenomystis nigri) propelled by action an undulatory anal fin (gymnotiform mode). Notopterus notopterus chilata employ body as a single propulsive unit generate wave. Rapid bouts burst activity (e.g., escape responses) generated large amplitude motions entire all studied. Experimentally determined drag coefficients exceed theoretical rigid predicted...
ABSTRACT Fast-start performance of northern pike Esox lucius (mean length, 0.38m) during prey capture was measured with subcutaneously implanted accelerometers. Acceleration-time plots and simultaneous high-speed ciné films reveal four behaviours characteristic kinematics mechanics. The fast-start types are identified by the number large peaks that appear in acceleration-time velocity-time data. Comparisons mean were made between each type feeding fast-start. Type I fast-starts significantly...
1. The effects of accelerational swimming and body size on mechanical energy costs diving were examined by comparing canvasback (Aythya valisineria Wilson), redhead (A. americana Eyton) lesser scaup affinis ducks (mean mass 1.275, 1.013 0.817kg, respectively) in steady versus unsteady models locomotion. Steady assume constant speed, whereas incorporate acceleration deceleration with each propulsive stroke. 2. surface areas the increased linearly (r2=0.96), all species falling same curve. 3....
A simple hydromechanical model is employed to determine the influence of overall body form on intermittent (burst-and-coast) swimming in fish. The optimum fineness ratio with respect maximizing distance covered per burst-and-coast cycle for given volume, mass, initial, and final velocities about 5. Frequent swimmers (e.g., Gadidae, Clupeidae) are characterized by ratios 4.0–6.5. Forms low (< 2, e.g., Tetraodontidae, Diodontidae) do not swim mode. current view that fish optimally designed...
A simple hydromechanical model of the influence pectoral fin geometry on thrust is developed. The contains a shape factor (analogous to that employed by Weis‐Fogh (1973) in his analysis wing normal hovering insects and hummingbirds), which calculated for various hypothetical shapes fins Pterophyllum eimekei Trichogaster tricopterus. predicts fish swim drag‐based labriform mode are more likely have triangular than square or rectangular ones, this generally case. locomotion investigated...
A total of 248,230 primiparous records Holstein cows calving from 1987 to 1994 (daughters 588 sires in 3042 herds) was used evaluate potential genotype by environment interactions among mature equivalent milk yield, lactation mean somatic cell score, and conception rate at first service.Herds were classified into low high environmental groups using three different criteria: standard deviation herd a combination yield deviation, the body weight divided age calving.Genetic parameters modeled...
The specific turning radius of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Cuvier is large relative to that other fish (0.47 total body length ± 0.18, mean 2 s.e .). We argue specializations for efficient steady swimming compromise performance in transient manoeuvres.
ABSTRACT Measurements of the thrust and forward impulse a simulated fish tail mathematical modeling indicate that propulsive forces fast-start swimming can be optimized by three different effects: (i) exactly inverting tip vortex is generated with initial stroke, (ii) using moderately flexible tail, (iii) introducing specific delay between stroke return stroke. Experiments were performed new computer-controlled fish-tail simulation apparatus, results confirm theoretical predictions previous study.
Components of (co)variance and genetic parameters were estimated by REML procedures from first lactation mature equivalent Holstein milk records 54,604 Colombian, Mexican, Puerto Rican cows 198,079 US cows.The objective was to determine the cause heterogeneous daughter response sire selection for yield between regions.Oata Latin America partitioned country herd-year SO class obtain five joint analyses America, low SD, high herdyear SO, Colombia, Mexico.Sire residual variances 41 29% smaller...
ABSTRACT The influence of the ground effect on energetics hovering in Synchropus picturatus Peters, a negatively buoyant, demersal teleost was studied. Changes pectoral fin kinematics, ultimate water velocity wake below fins, calculated minimum induced thrust and power required to hover are related height at which animal hovers above substrate. profile overcome frictional drag fins has been for case both laminar turbulent boundary layer over fins. Reductions total needed (as compared with...
ABSTRACT It is likely that the ‘undulatory propulsora’ employed by many fish are capable of producing a usefully directed thrust force over most tail-beat cycle. In contrast, which employ ‘paddling pectoral fin propulsor’ only produce during power stroke phase their fin-beat cycle, after recovery occurs, when little produced. However, in order to gain complete understanding mechanics paddling propulsor it necessary investigate fully.
Four goldfish Carassius auratus morphotypes of similar length (50 mm): common (streamlined, full complement paired and median fins, bifurcated caudal fin), comet (‘common like’ but with a long, deeply forked fantail (short, deep body twinned anal fins) eggfish (similar to the lacking dorsal fin) were compared. Drag, steady swimming kinematics, energetics, fast‐start performance, stability in yaw roll propulsive muscle ultrastructural characteristics measured. A performance ‘pairing’ (common...
Among the teleosts three basic modes of locomotion have been recognized; anguilli-form, carangiform and ostraciiform (Breder, 1926). During past 50 years much attention has paid to anguilliform 1926; Gray, 1933 a , b ; Gadd, 1952; Taylor, Lighthill, 1960, 1969, 1970) c; Bainbridge, 1958, 1963; modes. In contrast little work done on mode. Models made along mechanical 1968, p. 35) mathematical (Smith & Stone, 1961) lines. How-ever as Gray (1968) points out, not analysed in living fish.