UAVs are expected to be an important complementary component for 5G (and beyond) communication systems achieve the goal of global access Internet all. To fully exploit benefits distinct features various UAVs, this article proposes a novel hierarchical network architecture enabled by software defined networking, which integrates cross-layer high and low altitude platforms into conventional terrestrial cellular networks inject additional capacity expand coverage underserved areas in flexible,...

Software-Defined Networks (SDN) provides more control and network operation over a infrastructure as an emerging revolutionary paradigm in networking. Operating the many applications preserving services functions, SDN controller is regarded operating system of SDN-based architecture. The has several security problems because its intricate design, even with all amazing features. Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks continuously impact users Internet service providers (ISPs). Because centralized...

ABSTRACT Information Centric Networking (ICN), a paradigm shift in network design that prioritizes content distribution over host‐centric methods, arises this dynamic environment. Integrating built‐in caches into ICN is essential for optimizing effectiveness, which raises hit rates, boosts throughput, and lowers transmission delays. This paper provides comprehensive exploration classification of caching strategies across diverse domains, including the Internet Things (IoT), Vehicles (IoV),...

With the increasing interest in wireless communications from solar-powered aircraft-based high altitude platforms (HAPs), it is imperative to assess feasibility of their deployment different locations with constraints on energy consumption and payload weight under consideration. This paper considers management HAPs for service provisioning equatorial regions further up northern hemisphere. The total solar harvested consumed shortest day year analyzed, explained how this determines long...

Routing techniques in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) rely on asymmetric connections, so data received for one connection is completely useless another. As additional design scenarios and operational complexity are added to the redundancy network, it becomes difficult choose which method should be used when primary link down packet flows switching between multiple paths. Two reactive protocols— Dynamic Source (DSR) Ad-Hoc Demand Distance Vector Protocol (AODV)—will this study compare...

This work investigates the performance of user-centric joint transmission coordinated multipoint (JT-CoMP) clustering in a control/data decoupled cell-less architecture taking radio resource assignment into account. In CoMP networks, trade-off exists between signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) gain and loss resources. To achieve balance SINR resources, it is essential find an optimal power level difference (PLD) value that can identify number users operate under mode. Also, requires...

User-centric joint transmission coordinated multipoint (JT-CoMP) has been shown to enhance the capacity of terrestrial cellular systems, by overcoming cell-edge interference. This paper investigates how JT-CoMP can be extended a new high altitude platform (HAP) system architecture exploiting phased array antenna, which generates multiple beams that form cells, each map on pooled virtual base-station equipment, thereby replacing cell sites. The strategy implement CoMP is designed best user...

This paper investigates suitable strategies for cell deployment from a High Altitude Platform (HAP) system to provide efficient delivery of coverage and capacity while giving protection terrestrial users sharing common 2.6 GHz band. Using uniform planar array on the HAP, intelligent beamforming are presented based dynamic adaptation K-means clustering scheme, compared against Random Regular beam pointing techniques. It is shown that scheme outperforms in term providing superior with minimum...

In this paper, we propose a scheme for beam-pointing from high altitude platform (HAP) contiguous coverage delivery within an extended service area. The scheme, which illuminates cells, considers the broadening of beams on ground HAP-based antenna array. A predetermined degree overlap is introduced between neighbouring cells to minimize user outages when moving cells. order evaluate performance users are randomly distributed at density λ users/km <sup...

In recent years, the exponential growth of e-commerce has transformed consumer purchasing behavior, with online reviews playing a crucial role in shaping buying decisions. Unfortunately, prevalence manipulated become significant challenge, undermining integrity feedback and eroding trust platforms. This research paper focuses on developing an advanced solution to address issue using innovative language model, GPT-4. The primary objective this study is investigate effectiveness GPT-4...

This paper investigates the performance of user-centric joint transmission coordinated multi point (JT -CoMP) in a single-tier network taking radio resource management into account. One main challenges JT -CoMP is how to balance between signal interference noise ratio (SINR) gain and loss availability. To provide this balance, an optimal power level difference (PLD) value that determines many users should operate under CoMP mode must be carefully chosen. Also, proper assignment for needed....

This paper investigates how user-centric joint transmission coordinated multipoint (JT-CoMP) can be implemented for High Altitude Platform (HAP) systems to best enhance the user experience at edge of coverage HAP cells, along with overall performance system. In CoMP, there is a known trade-off between carrier interference plus noise ratio (CINR) gain and loss capacity delivered users. It shown that implementation an appropriate bandwidth allocation scheme CoMP region efficiency contribute...

Abstract Coordinated multipoint joint transmission (JT-CoMP) is a promising solution to address inter-cell interference in dense future wireless networks due its strength converting interfering signals into useful signals, thereby enhancing capacity especially at the cell edge. However, allowing all user equipments (UEs) operate using JT-CoMP mode reduces availability of radio resources. This paper develops an efficient algorithm that can identify which UEs will benefit from operating and...

This paper explores the development and implementation of an agility monitoring system, aiming to provide real-time assessment athlete's agility. The need for such technology facilitate instant remote has become increasingly apparent in field sports science. Unfortunately, progress this area been relatively slow until emergence IoT (Internet Things) technology, which presents a promising avenue athlete through telemetering. core innovative system consists pad module, with communication...

The act of voting is an inherent and essential entitlement that universally granted to all individuals. Electronic voting, commonly known as e-voting, a method utilises electronic equipment facilitate manage the process casting tallying votes. systems are employed expedite ballots. Furthermore, it will reduce amount money needed pay for counting staff while also reducing human error. implementation remote would greatly benefit individuals residing at considerable distance from their...

The utilization of motion capture technology in sports that focuses within the football has received significant interest due to its potential improve performance player, facilitate tactical analysis, and mitigate risk injuries. However, it appears there is lack knowledge on template creation usage based current research. identification this research gap not only emphasizes an area been explored but also indicates interesting for future Hence, systematic literature review critical issue...

Running is a common and easily accessible physical activity that greatly enhances mental cardiovascular health. The development of technology has completely changed the way we think about fitness. However, absence sophisticated intelligent running tracking system poses several problems. Among problems enthusiasts face recording data analysing runner for coaches to monitor their health in field paces, heart rate, distances using wearable devices. In monitoring, incautious condition while...

With the rapid growth of e-commerce in recent years, customer service has emerged as a critical factor influencing satisfaction, loyalty, and overall success online businesses. However, concerning trend been observed wherein several platforms seem to overlook significance robust post-purchase follow-up initiatives. This research paper delves into pressing issue "The Lack E-commerce Customer Service After-Selling Follow-Up" its impact on experiences business performance. study employs...

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have evolved a vibrant and lively research field. It comprises numerous wise low-power consumption devices for gathering the contiguous atmosphere's data. However, energy dissipation matter that distorts network lifetime remains challenge since node battery is non-rechargeable irreplaceable. Clustering routing protocol has become furthermost solutions invariably minimizes depletion prolongs lifetime. Such protocols adopted metaheuristic algorithms to secure...

Education is developing with the economy. This led to creation of e-Iearning tools for instructors and students. In e-learning, electronic resources are used teach. E-learning can be taught in or out school, but computers Internet essential. That is, e-learning involves delivering education a big group people at once over time. So, overall, this research about that make successful environment. We chose term since it widely improve student academic achievement. Due difficulties accessing...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is implicit to revolutionize the engineering industry by automating tasks, minimizing costs, improving quality, and creating new opportunities for innovation. The article explores implementation of AI in as a means achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set forth United Nations. technologies hold significant potential optimizing resource utilization, enabling data-driven decision-making, fostering innovation various domains. This study provides an overview...