It has recently been reported (e.g., V. van Wassenhove, K. W. Grant, & D. Poeppel, 2005) that audiovisual (AV) presented speech is associated with an N1/P2 auditory event-related potential (ERP) response lower in peak amplitude compared the responses only (AO) speech. This effect was replicated. Further comparisons were made between ERP to AV which visual and components or out of synchrony, test whether operation integration mechanisms, as claimed, occurs because other factors such...

Object-substitution masking (OSM) occurs when a mask, such as four dots that surround brief target item, onsets simultaneously with the and offsets short time after target, rather than it. OSM is reduction in accuracy of reporting temporally trailing compared offsetting mask. It has been thought only if attention cannot be rapidly focused, or prefocused, on location. One line evidence for this reported interaction between display set size duration We analyze suggest it an artifact data being...

The role of categorization in visual search was studied 3 colour experiments where the target or not linearly separable from distractors. linear separability effect refers to difficulty searching for a that falls between distractors CIE space (Bauer, Jolicoeur, & Cowan, 1996b Bauer, B., P. and W. B. 1996b. Visual targets are Vision Research, 36: 1439–1465. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Observers performed nonlinearly searches fell two types space. When within...

Background: Dominant approaches to understanding alcohol consumption and preventing misuse focus on cognitive antecedents of drinking behaviour. However, these are not only limited, but ignore wider contextual factors. Adopting an ecological approach, this paper considers the functional significance alcogenic environments from perspectives individual drinkers, based availability alcohol-related affordances.Method: Twelve undergraduate students aged 18-30, with a range self-reported...

Two experiments investigate the effectiveness of audiovisual (AV) speech cues (cues derived from both seeing and hearing a talker speak) in facilitating perceptual learning spectrally distorted speech. Speech was through an eight channel noise-vocoder which shifted spectral envelope signal to simulate properties cochlear implant with 6 mm place mismatch. Experiment 1 found that participants showed significantly greater improvement perceiving noise-vocoded when training gave AV than it...

A wealth of evidence now shows that human and animal observers display greater sensitivity to objects move toward them than remain static or away.Increased in humans is often evidenced by reaction times increase rank order from looming, receding, targets.However, it not clear whether the processing advantage enjoyed looming motion mediated attention system motor system.The present study investigated this first examining per se, certain monocular binocular cues constitute stereoscopic...

Native speakers of two languages (English and Ndonga) were compared on three colour cognition tasks (sorting, triads visual search) in a test the linguistic relativity hypothesis (Whorf, 1956). The lexicons these differ because Ndonga has no basic terms for ORANGE, PINK PURPLE, stimuli chosen to exploit this difference. On sorting task (sorting into similarity‐groups) each language, nominally similar colours grouped together more often than dissimilar colours. (choosing most different...

In object substitution masking (OSM) a surrounding mask (typically comprising of 4 dots) onsets with target but lingers after offset; under such conditions, the ability to perceive can be significantly reduced. OSM was originally claimed occur only when not focus attention, for instance, embedded in an array distractors (Di Lollo, Enns, & Rensink, 2000). It argued that influenced time taken focal attention reach target. Some recent work, however, failed find any distractor influence; effect...

Priority is one means of representing scheduling information in a concurrent real-time programming language. Unfortunately, static priority scheme can give rise to inversion when combined with synchronisation primitives. In this paper the use semaphores for protecting access critical regions investigated. The formal notation Z used treatment. It shown that normal semantics lead high process being delayed indefinitely. inclusion inheritance into semaphore model improves situation, but delays...

Object substitution masking (OSM) is said to occur when a perceptual object hypothesized that mismatched by subsequent sensory evidence, leading new being substituted for the first. For example, brief target accompanied longer lasting display of nonoverlapping mask elements, reporting features may be impaired. J. T. Enns and V. Di Lollo (2000) considered it an outstanding question whether OSM masks some or all aspects target. The authors report three experiments demonstrating can selectively...

Typical studies of object substitution masking (OSM) employ a briefly presented search array. The target item is indicated by cue/mask that surrounds but does not overlap the and, compared to common offset control condition, report reduced when mask remains present after offset. Given how little observers are able arrays have been for several hundred milliseconds (Wolfe, Reinecke, & Brawn, 2006), it might be expected OSM would also found if array an extended period before cued onset...

Object substitution masking (OSM) is typically studied using a brief search display. The target item may be indicated by cue/mask surrounding but not overlapping it. Report of the reduced when mask offset trails rather than being simultaneous with We report 5 experiments investigating whether OSM can obtained if display on view for period up to 830 ms cueing location delayed. question interest must reflect initial response visual system onset or it arise in other ways, possibly during...

Aims: An Ecological approach to alcohol behaviour focuses on understanding individual–environment transactions, rather than cognitive antecedents of behaviour. Meaning exists in the interdependence individuals and their environments, terms affordances. Through subjective experience, this study focussed group viewpoints related alcohol-related affordances, or opportunities consume shared drinking environments. Methods: Forty students with a range self-reported behaviours participated...

Abstract During the oxidation of carbon monoxide containing a trace water, ten well‐known atomic and molecular species can be identified as potential significance. All conceivable reactions these in their ground electronic states were considered, rate constants for all those that are importance either known or estimated with considerable confidence. For compositions temperatures experimental interest an isothermal system goes to single steady state is stable perturbation will neither explode...

The perceptibility of a flickering central bar can be dramatically reduced by the presence two flanking bars presented in counterphase. This phenomenon, known as 'standing wave illusion', has been suggested to involve local edge interactions (Macknik et al, 2000 Proceedings National Academy Sciences USA 97 7556-7560). High-level re-entrant mechanisms have also implicated. Enns (2002, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 9 489-496) reports an association between reported viability centre and its...