The objective of this study was to compare some basic characteristics sludge from fine mesh sieves (sieve sludge) with primary clarifiers (primary regarding their energy potential a focus on anaerobic digestion and/or incineration. Nineteen samples sieve plants (most them without screens and grit chambers as pre-treatment) 10 were analysed for the content dry solids (DS), volatile (VS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), calorific value methane potential. results demonstrated that sludges have...

Abstract Certain aspects of the distribution disinfection by-products (DBPs) in air indoor swimming pools, exposure users, and possible health effects, have not been well documented. To determine trihalomethanes (THMs), measurements were performed at 0.05 m, 0.60 m 1.50 above water surface. These heights chosen to measure breathing zone users. Air samples collected from two pool facilities Norway. Facility 1 uses calcium hypochlorite facility 2 sodium for treatment. In 2, one pools is filled...

Abstract During the last few decades, focus on measures for energy conservation in buildings has increased considerably. The European Commission implemented Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, which gave instructions to member states about how reduce consumption residential and non-residential buildings. In process making building sector more efficient, codes generally have become stricter with some simplifications applied requirements. For swimming facilities Norway, these are...

Abstract The artificial turf industry is a producer of waste in terms plastic, microplastic and sand. It the second largest source lost to environment Norway, after wear car tires, according Norwegian Environment Agency [1]. A new full-size synthetic football field contains about 100 tons rubber granules as intentionally added microplastics. Maintaining these fields means refilling with 3.5-6.5 each year due loss caused by user, removal snow, surface water runoff degradation granules. also...

The evaporation rate from the swimming pool is a main parameter influencing energy use in facilities. Quantifying this phenomenon crucial when modelling facility Building Performance Simulation. This study investigates accuracy of ASHRAE equation using field measurements. widely used and implemented BPS tools, such as model IDA ICE. investigated dataset was based on two different indoor facilities Norway. It includes total 75 lessons (i.e., occupied pool) 477 hours unoccupied operation....

Microplastics are a significant environmental issue, and large amounts annually lost to the environment. In April 2023, REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation Restriction of Chemicals) Committee voted prohibit microplastics intentionally added products within European Union (EU). This includes artificial turfs used for football (soccer). The current dynamics from environment not yet fully understood. paper investigates loss styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) granules winter-maintained...

Building performance simulation is a powerful tool applied both in research and for building design including heating, ventilation, air-conditioning systems. Several studies have used this to investigate the potential of energy savings measures swimming facilities. However, these facilities technical complexity considerable challenge modelling since many complex phenomena occur various sub-systems. The industry traditionally plans buildings by heuristic rules thumb, empirical may lead...

This paper presents a statistical model for predicting the time-averaged total power consumption of an indoor swimming facility. The can be powerful tool continuous supervision facility’s energy performance that quickly disclose possible operational disruptions/irregularities and thus minimize annual use. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to analyze data collected in facility Norway. resolution original training dataset was 1 min time steps during investigation transposed both by...

Abstract Indoor ice sports arenas are complex buildings that typically consume large amounts of energy. The energy is mainly used to freeze the rink and keep indoor air temperature relative humidity at appropriate levels. Reducing consumption carbon footprint from construction, operation, material use, presents certain challenges a building physics point view. These especially prominent if arena operated in climate featuring summer seasons warmer than winter colder. This study investigates...

Building performance simulation (BPS) is a powerful tool for building design including heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems (HVAC). Several research studies have used BPS to investigate the potential of energy savings measures swimming facilities. The technical complexity facilities considerable challenge since many complex phenomena occur in various sub-systems –water treatment system, recovery systems, energy-intensive ventilation system with air handling units (AHU) control...