Divergent wave imaging with coherent compounding allows obtaining broad field of view and higher frame rate respect to line by insonification. However, the spatial contrast resolution crucially depends on weights applied in compound phase, whose optimization is often cumbersome based trial error. This study addresses these limitations introducing a closed-form approach that maps transmit apodization used synthetic aperture into mask divergent imaging. The draws inspiration from successful...

This paper presents an ultra-low-power, inverter-based, universal Gm-C filter capable of operating in multiple modes: voltage, current, transconductance, and trans-resistance. The proposed features orthogonal tunability the center frequency (ω0) quality factor (Q). To achieve ultra-low power consumption, all transistors are biased subthreshold region with a supply voltage 0.5 V. A Nauta inverter-based gm block is utilized as operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), further enhancing...

In this article, a new microwave-radar-based technique for short-range detection and classification of multiple human vehicle targets crossing monitored area is proposed. This approach, which can find applications in both security infrastructure surveillance, relies upon the processing scattered-field data acquired by low-cost off-the-shelf components, i.e., 24 GHz frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar module Raspberry Pi mini-PC. The developed method based on an <italic...

This article compares different rainfall observing techniques available in the City of Genoa (Italy): Ligurian regional tipping-bucket rain gauge (TBRG) network and Monte Settepani long-range weather radar (WR) operated by Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPAL) Smart Rainfall System (SRS), a microwave sensors for satellite down-links developed University Artys Srl. SRS WR are two indirect monitoring systems considered this analysis. The respective performance measurements was...

A prototype of a radar system for classification multiple targets passing through road gate is presented in this paper. It allows to identify different types targets, i.e., pedestrians, motorcycles, cars, and trucks. The developed based on low-cost 24 GHz off-the-shelf FMCW radar, combined with an embedded Raspberry Pi PC data acquisition transmission remote processing PC, which take care detection classification. chain relies upon tracking algorithm follow the during traversal, scheme...

The authors propose a simple model for the operation of MOSFETs in both weak and strong inversion. proposed shows better agreement to experimental results than previous models subthreshold threshold regions, is well suited use circuit simulation programs; have implemented it MSINC SPICE programs, are compared data micropower amplifier.

This paper describes the results obtained by application of an innovative environmental monitoring technique able to estimate rainfall intensity in real time processing attenuation microwave satellite link signal measured low cost sensors. The that has been used during our work, Turksat 42° E, belongs plethora satellites operating for television and radio channel broadcasting. Each sensor exploits off shelf components, is equipped with a frequency power-measuring unit, provides connectivity...

In the climate change scenario world is facing, extreme weather events can lead to increasingly serious disasters. To improve managing consequent risks, there a pressing need have real-time systems that provide accurate monitoring and possibly forecasting which could help warn people in affected areas ahead of time save them from hazards. The oblique earth-space links (OELs) been used recently as method for rainfall detection. This technique poses two main issues related its indirect nature....

The Internet of Things (IoT) has disrupted the IT landscape drastically, and Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is one specification that enables these IoT devices to have access Internet. Former security analyses suggested gateways in LoRaWAN their current state are susceptible a wide variety malicious attacks, which can be notoriously difficult mitigate since seen as obedient relays by design. These if not addressed, cause malfunctions loss efficiency network traffic. As solution this...

This paper considers the formulation of variational model (VM) autonomous circuits (oscillators) working in periodic steady-state conditions. The shooting method, which is largely used to compute solution time domain when VM forced by a small-signal perturbation, studied. proposed analytical approach can be exploited improve accuracy simulation effects noise sources. In particular, we justify from an standpoint adoption suitable <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Virtual concatenation (VCAT) is a standardized layer 1 inverse multiplexing technique that can be applied to the optical transport network (OTN), synchronous (SONET), digital hierarchy (SDH), and plesiochronous (PDH) component signals. By multiplexing, it combines multiple links at particular into aggregate achieve commensurate increase in available bandwidth on link. While any scheme about "more bandwidth", VCAT/LCAS general enable fairly broad range of features such as (1) right sizing for...

In this paper, we present measurement results from a prototype chip (fabricated in 130 nm CMOS technology), designed to extract maximum power Thermoelectric Generator (TEG). From analytical expression, prove that the extracted is around 75% of available TEG, without using closed loop peak tracking regulate input voltage. our measurements, TEG modeled by voltage source (50mV-200mV) with series resistance 5 Ohms. The fully electric, starts 50 mV and can 60% (at mV) 65% 200 power. Hence result...

The development of the Internet Things infrastructure requires deployment millions heterogeneous sensors embedded in environment. powering these cannot be done with wired connections, and use batteries is often impracticable. Energy harvesting common proposed solution, many devices have been developed for this purpose, using light, mechanical vibrations, temperature differences as energetic sources. In paper we present a novel energy-harvester device able to capture kinetic energy from fluid...

An improved spectral coefficient method based on Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind is employed to solve vector radiative transfer equation under assumption parallel-plane atmosphere and Rayleigh scattering. The solver extended consider a Lambertian surface at bottom atmosphere. computational properties proposed algorithm are analyzed validity implemented tested against publicly available benchmark dataset.

This study presents computationally efficient implementations of radio frequency (RF) band and baseband receive beamforming coherent compounding applied to multi-angle plane wave transmission. The impact the sampling on image quality has been measured by standard metrics simulated data for both approaches. Moreover, computational cost in terms processing time floating point operations evaluated. Finally, memory transfer bandwidth requirements have estimated focalization acquired raw data....

Owing to the geographically scattered end devices ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EDs</i> ) in long-range wide area networks (LoRaWAN), that combat challenging cyber threats and attacks are of critical significance. In this perspective, LoRa Alliance® is continuously evolving security LoRaWAN recently introduced a new version i.e., 1.1x featured with improvement. However, wireless nature implementation still leaves it...

This brief deals with the behavior of a dynamic latch used as voltage comparator. A detailed analysis fine settling phase is reported, putting in evidence non-idealities which lead to comparison errors. technique minimize such errors suggested. An experimental chip has been fabricated and measurements are reported discussed.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and characteristics an arbitrary waveform generator, built at Biophysical Electronic Engineering Division Electrical Department University Genoa, which exhibits following features: a) signal any band-limited periodic signal, whose frequency content ranges from 0.125 mHz up 30 MHz. low-frequency limit has been chosen in order meet needs bioengineering, mechanical, chemical applications. high-frequency covers, for instance, TV image...

MOX gas sensors show a wide input resistance variation due to different employed materials, sensor ageing, and temperature variations, when encountering target gases. From the electronics point of view, dynamic range readout interface is needed. The role accommodate signal received by in order be converted into digital or quasi-digital signal. This operation results very expensive terms calibration exploiting multi-scale approach (not satisfactory accuracy without calibration) compression...

We present and discuss the major results of our research activity aimed to analog VLSI implementation on-chip learning neural networks. In particular we SLANP (self processor) chip results. The architecture implements an multilayer perceptron network. algorithm is based on back propagation but it exhibits increased capabilities due local rate management. A prototype has been designed fabricated in a CMOS 0.7 /spl mu/m minimum channel length technology. experimental confirm functionality...