A5045700949- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Geological formations and processes
- Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Building materials and conservation
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Climate variability and models
- Conservation Techniques and Studies
University of St Andrews
2021-2025
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
2019-2020
Throughout Earth's history, CO 2 is thought to have exerted a fundamental control on environmental change. Here we review and revise reconstructions from boron isotopes in carbonates carbon organic matter over the Cenozoic—the past 66 million years. We find close coupling between climate throughout Cenozoic, with peak levels of ∼1,500 ppm Eocene greenhouse, decreasing ∼500 Miocene, falling further into ice age world Plio–Pleistocene. Around two-thirds Cenozoic drawdown explained by an...
The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; 56 Ma) is one of our best geological analogs for understanding climate dynamics in a “greenhouse” world. However, proxy data representing the event are only available from select marine and terrestrial sedimentary sequences that unevenly distributed across Earth’s surface, limiting view spatial patterns change. Here, we use paleoclimate assimilation (DA) to combine model information create spatially complete reconstruction PETM state precedes it...
The geological record encodes the relationship between climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) over long short timescales, as well potential drivers of evolutionary transitions. However, reconstructing CO beyond direct measurements requires use paleoproxies herein lies challenge, proxies differ in their assumptions, degree understanding, even reconstructed values. In this study, we critically evaluated, categorized, integrated available to create a high-fidelity transparently...
Atmospheric CO2 is thought to play a fundamental role in Earth’s climate regulation. Yet, for much of deep geological past, atmospheric has been poorly constrained, hindering our understanding transitions between cool and warm climates. Beginning ~370 million years ago the Late Devonian ending ~260 Permian, Palaeozoic Ice Age was last major glaciation preceding current Cenozoic possibly most intense witnessed by complex lifeforms. From onset main phase mid-Mississippian ~330 ago,...
Abstract The boron isotope ratio of seawater ( δ 11 B sw ) is a parameter which must be known to reconstruct palaeo pH and CO 2 from measurements marine carbonates. Beyond few million years ago, likely have been different modern. Palaeo can estimated by simultaneously constraining the vertical gradients in foraminiferal (Δ B) (ΔpH). A number subtly techniques used estimate ΔpH past, all broadly based on assumptions about oxygen, and/or carbon, or other carbonate system constraints. In this...
The state of acid-base equilibria in solutions is calculated using apparent equilibrium constants (K∗ ’s). accuracy these K∗ ’s critical for calculations environmental chemistry, example the dissociation dissolved CO2 seawater. required to calculate seawater carbonate chemistry are described by empirically determined functions, which implemented within software packages used solution carbon speciation. Each uses its own implementation calculations. This fragmented approach calculation...
Palaeo CO2 concentration data has very variable density across the Cenozoic. Some events (such as PETM) and intervals glacial-interglacial cycles) are covered by high resolution datasets, whereas at other times spacing between datapoints is much greater. Because of this density, combining into a line describing evolution palaeo usually focusses on either short interval or long term trend (by blurring detail). We present new approach which uses basis splines to produce Cenozoic curve. The...
The study of mass extinctions is invaluable for understanding the effects extreme environmental change on different components Earth system and their responses implications. Growing interest in extinctions, combined with new field evidence analytical breakthroughs over recent years, has enabled us to zoom into individual events, construct high-resolution chronologies proxy records start untangling cause mechanisms from consequences. This fundamental progressing our knowledge, however, how...
The early Eocene features distinctive coupling between biogeochemical cycles and climate, raising fundamental questions about Earth system functioning during major climate transitions on orbital timescales. For instance, the transition to peak warmth is ushered in by a shift redox conditions deep ocean circulation, while orbitally-paced hyperthermal events are associated with substantial carbon injections of uncertain origin.  CO2 change thought play key role these events, yet...
The boron isotope ratio of seawater (δ11Bsw) is a parameter which must be known to reconstruct palaeo pH and CO2 from measurements marine carbonates. Beyond few million years ago, δ11Bsw likely have been different modern. Palaeo can estimated by simultaneously constraining the vertical gradients in foraminiferal δ11B (∆δ11B) (∆pH). A number subtly techniques used estimate ∆pH past, all broadly based on assumptions about oxygen, and/or carbon, or other carbonate system constraints. In this...