Abstract Using multi‐satellite observations, the cloud dynamic and microphysical characteristics were revealed during rapid intensification (RI) of super‐typhoon Nanmadol (2022). As storm intensifies, eyewall contracts, upper‐level divergence strengthens, cirrus increases, leading to stronger radial outflow vertical updraft. Meanwhile, it is found that there exists a dynamically attractive area in outer rainbands, where particles grow effectively form “a small amount large particles” around...

High spatial resolution estimating of exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is currently very limited in China. This study uses the newly released nationwide, hourly PM2.5 concentrations create a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model estimate ground-level A3 km aerosol optical depth (AOD) product from MODIS used as primary predictor. Fire emissions detected by fire count were considered development process. Additionally, meteorological features covariates improve estimation...

Abstract Raindrop size distribution (DSD) measurements were taken with an onboard OTT Particle Size Velocity (Parsivel) disdrometer over the western Pacific during a marine survey from June to July 2014. Three subregions named south (SWP), west Pacific, and north separated for comparative study of variability DSD. In addition data, FengYun‐2E, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, National Centers Environmental Prediction Global Final Analysis, radiosonde data sets are used...

Radar and satellite joint observation data can provide a more efficient way to study landfalling typhoon precipitation, but rarely does this combination of circumstances occur. In study, we attempt reveal the precipitation characteristics Lekima (2019) at landfall by using observations from GPM S-band Doppler radar. The results suggest that microphysical mechanisms are different among eyewall (EW), inner rainband (IR), outer (OR) during landfall. Beneath melting layer, collision-coalescence...

In July 2021, Typhoon In-Fa attacked eastern China and broke many records for extreme precipitation over the last century. Such an unrivaled impact results from In-Fa’s slow moving speed long residence time due to atmospheric circulations. With supports of 66 networked surface disdrometers collaborative observations advanced GPM satellite, we are able reveal unique microphysical properties record-breaking (2021). After separating typhoon into convective stratiform types comparing drop size...

With the acceleration of urbanization, waterlogging has become an increasingly serious issue. Road a great influence on residents’ travel and traffic safety. Thus, evaluation difficulties caused by rainstorm disasters is significance for their safety emergency shelter needs. This study investigated urban disasters, evaluating impact evolution such disasters’ evacuation, using Daoli District (Harbin, China) as research demonstration area to perform empirical combination scenario simulations,...

Extreme precipitation concerning typhoons brings great losses to coastal cities every year. How accurately describe the natural cloud and processes in model remains a major challenge typhoon forecasts. Observations found rain hail can both exist under severe convections. But current operational forecasting models fail take into consideration super-typhoon prediction. This study assesses performances of five typical bulk microphysical schemes (BMSs) Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) forecast...

Abstract The physical behavior of a falling raindrop is governed by delicate fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, oscillates with time. Despite this time‐variant nature, past observational simulation studies have aimed to generalize parameterizations for describing rain microphysics bearing the assumption that raindrops fall at terminal speeds an equilibrium shape. However, applicability hypothesis in realistic atmosphere inherently turbulent remains open question. Here, we employ novel...

In this study, we evaluated the performance of rain-retrieval algorithms for Version 6 Global Precipitation Measurement Dual-frequency Radar (GPM DPR) products, against disdrometer observations and improved their retrieval by using a revised shape parameter µ derived from long-term Particle Size Velocity (Parsivel) in Jianghuai region 2014 to 2018. To obtain optimized parameter, raindrop size distribution (DSD) characteristics summer winter seasons over are analyzed, terms six rain rate...

Abstract The mesoscale kinetic energy (KE) spectra of the mei-yu front system are investigated through idealized numerical simulations. In mature stage, upper-tropospheric KE spectrum resembles a −3 power law for wavelengths between 1000 and 400 km shallows to slope approximately − at smaller wavelengths. A similar behavior can be observed in lower stratosphere. At both levels, rotational nearly same extent as divergent wavelengths, accounting transition total spectrum. About 12 h after...

Abstract The predictability limits of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity over the western North Pacific (WNP) are investigated using TC best track data. results show that limit minimum central pressure (MCP) is ~102 h, comparable to maximum sustained wind (MSW). spatial distribution MCP WNP similar MSW, and both gradually decrease from eastern (EWNP) South China Sea (SCS). MSW relatively high southeastern where modified accumulated energy (MACE) large, whereas they low SCS MACE small. patterns...

Abstract This study investigates the effects of tropospheric vertical wind shear on gravity waves generated by tropical cyclones using idealized cyclone simulations with different profiles environmental zonal wind. It is found that without shear, wave momentum fluxes are distributed uniformly over a broad spectral range, in opposite directions showing symmetry. Westerly troposphere leads to asymmetry between eastward and westward fluxes, resulting net resultant drag forcing background flow...