Abstract Which new parties entered national parliaments in advanced democracies over the last four decades and how did they perform after their breakthrough? This article argues that distinguishing two types of party formation (that facilitate or complicate institutionalisation) helps to explain why some entries flourish, while others vanish quickly from stage. New formed by individual entrepreneurs cannot rely on ties already organised groups are less likely get reelected parliament...

This article assesses the extent to which European governments' legal strategies (i.e. choices of and changes in foundation(s) authorising executive action) address COVID-19 pandemic enhanced autonomy detriment parliamentary policy-making power, defined as formal ability parliaments constrain rule making. Approaching reduction power one indication 'executive aggrandisement', it contrasts prominent claim literature that populist governments tend use emergencies weaken checks on with a...

Scholarly work on models of party organization tends to treat stratarchy and hierarchy as analytical opposites. Based two different visions that co-exist in the literature, this article presents a threefold typology locating model between hierarchy, one counter-image, federation, other. The types differ extent which core competences resources (e.g. selection parliamentary candidates, mechanisms for conflict resolution, finances) are centralized, interest representation national organs...

Journal Article Beyond Decentralization—The Comparative Study of Interdependence in Federal Systems Get access Nicole Bolleyer, Bolleyer **University Exeter; n.bolleyer@ex.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lori Thorlakson †University Alberta Publius: The Federalism, Volume 42, Issue 4, Fall 2012, Pages 566–591, https://doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjr053 Published: 13 April 2012

In theory, lower-level governments (provinces, regional governments, or member states) operating in multilevel systems within and beyond the nation-state can choose from a wide repertoire of modes policy coordination to solve collective problems non-hierarchically. These range unilateral emulation over informal intergovernmental agreements binding interstate law. The that are willing capable use , however, vary considerably across which affects governments’ problem-solving capacity. This...

This article conceptualizes party institutionalization and theorizes the conditions under which elites invest in institutionalized parties new democracies. We specify routinization value infusion as two central dimensions of theorize relevant for across three spheres: system, state, society. Constructing measures based on expert survey data, we test our framework through multivariate regression models 18 Latin American As theoretically expected, some (access to executive office, a party's...

Parliamentary entry on the national level is a crucial achievement for any new party. But its repercussions are not necessarily beneficial. This article assesses electoral consequences of parliamentary breakthrough by theorizing factors that shape (a) party organization’s capacity to cope with pressures generated and (b) relative intensity functional exposed after breakthrough. To test our hypotheses derived from these two rationales, we apply multilevel analyses data set covering 135...

ABSTRACT Liberal democracies increasingly restrict civil society organizations (CSOs), a trend frequently linked to illiberal governments. But when do ideologically liberal governments resort such restrictions? Linking research on state traditions, party ideology and crisis governance, we theorize factors enhancing governments' propensity adopt normatively contentious CSO restrictions. Distinguishing formal‐legal restrictions voice from those existence, show that nearly 90 were adopted by 17...

This article argues that internal substate dynamics can systematically account for the organization of intergovernmental relations (IGR) in dual federal systems. Whereas majoritarian executive-legislative tend to weaken institutionalization arrangements (IGAs), power-sharing facilitate it. Two mechanisms at work serve illustrate this point. Given one-party majority cabinets, complete government alternations strongly alter actors' interest constellations over time, thereby increasing costs...

Which membership-based voluntary organizations constitutive of civil society such as parties, interest groups or service-oriented keep their members active and which forms activism do they cultivate? This article addresses this important question distinguishing two ‘member activism’: involvement’, defined working for an organization, influence’, members’ participation in intra-organizational decision-making. Building on incentive-theoretical approaches to leader–member relations resource...

This article assesses the internal dynamics of cartel party model. It argues that a party's endeavour to increase its societal reach by opening membership boundaries while keeping candidate selection local (two tendencies ascribed this model), and general need maintain unity, are difficult reconcile. Therefore fully fledged is organisationally vulnerable, which reinforces resort selective benefits (i.e. political appointments, patronage) whenever in government satisfy organisational demands,...

Despite an increasing interest in party-state relations, the functions political parties as organizations fulfill government apparatus are rarely theorized or empirically examined. Instead of focusing on citizen demands toward parties, this article focuses government. It argues that party organizational linkages help integrate increasingly complex apparatus. To substantiate claim, it analyzes impact policy coordination within and across subnational governments United States, Canada,...

Existing scholarship offers few answers to fundamental questions about the mortality of political parties in established party systems. Linking research organization literature, we conceptualize two types death, dissolution and merger, reflecting distinct theoretical rationales. They underpin a new framework on organizational theorizing three sets factors: those shaping generally or merger death exclusively. We test this data set covering complete life cycles 184 that entered 21 consolidated...

Abstract In the comparative study of party organisation and systems Irish parties have long been considered as deviant. While this might, in certain respects at least, be a proper description for major parties, Green Party mirrors transformation from loose protest movement opposed to 'conventional politics' into an established force system – most visible its current government participation that range other European countries already experienced. This paper analyses by focusing on party's...

This paper reconceptualizes the challenge of legitimate governance in European Union (EU) as a multilevel polity. Legitimacy is defined one possible motivation for accepting political rule; it roots citizens’ affiliation with balanced set core values and their structural realization. article argues that any attempt to legitimize EU faces two distinct challenges. First, owing co-existence states individuals subjects, national legitimacy standards – by balance negative freedom, equality...

Party political incongruence in the UK after 2007 has had a moderate effect on both machinery of intergovernmental relations and dominant modes interaction. In assessing changes structures, we find more frequent meetings formalised interactions. A preference for informal bilateral exchange, however, still prevails. nature relations, some intensification conflict, but amid continued co-operation. While one might pronounced longer periods party incongruence, argue that limited observed thus...

Abstract Previous studies suggest, and common wisdom holds, that government participation is detrimental for new parties. This paper argues the opposite true. Drawing on a large-N analysis (111 parties in 16 countries) combination with two case studies, it demonstrates generally benefit organisationally from supporting or entering coalition. Compared to established parties, have advantage their leadership more able allocate effectively spoils of office, can change still malleable rudimentary...

Political activity is conventionally considered a constitutive feature of interest groups, underpinning an impressive literature on the strategies groups employ to exercise political influence. Whether and how intensely voluntary membership engage in activities start with, however, are rarely examined. We present new incentive-theoretical perspective group activity, considering both member demands leadership constraints. argue that investments (one way generating collective incentives) as...