We propose a wavelet approach on different orthogonal polynomials for solving linear and nonlinear pantograph equations with stretch kind. The differential equation is unique proportional delay functional class. It has been used to deal numerous physics, mathematics, engineering applications, such as quantum mechanics, control systems, electrodynamics, number theory. This scheme based constructing the operational matrix integration via wavelets their collocation nodes. study aims examine...

Abstract Ostrogradsky instability generally appears in nondegenerate higher-order derivative theories and this issue can be resolved by removing any existing degeneracy present such theories. We consider an action involving terms that are at most quadratic second derivatives of the scalar field non-minimally coupled with curvature tensors. perform a 3+1 decomposition Lagrangian to separate second-order time from rest. This is useful for checking hidden helps us find conditions under which...

Abstract We propose an algebraic analysis using a 3+1 decomposition to identify conditions for clever cancellation of the higher derivatives, which plagued theory with Ostrogradsky ghosts, by exploiting some existing degeneracy in Lagrangian. obtain these as linear equations (in terms coefficients derivative terms) and demand that they vanish, such existence nontrivial solutions implies is degenerate. find that, under consideration, no exist general inhomogeneous scalar field, but degenerate...

Nonlocal gravity models are constructed to explain the current acceleration of universe. These inspired by infrared correction appearing in Einstein Hilbert action. Here we develop Hamiltonian formalism a nonlocal model considering only terms quadratic order Ricci tensor and scalar. We also show how count degree freedom using this model.

Abstract We construct a Hamiltonian for the nonlocal F(R) theory in present work. By this construction, we demonstrate nature of ghost degrees freedom. Finally, find conditions that give rise to ghost-free theories.

In the present discussion, we have studied Z2-grading of quaternion algebra (H). We made an attempt to extend Lie graded by using matrix representations units. The generalized Jacobi identities Z2-graded then result in symmetric partners (N1;N2;N3). partner (F) quaternions (H) thus has been constructed from this complete set units (N1;N2;N3), and N0 = C. Keeping view algebraic properties (F), superspace (Sl;m) constructed. It shown that antiunitary quaternionic supergroup UUa(l;m;H)...

Super-Poincaré algebra in [Formula: see text] space–time dimensions has been studied terms of quaternionic representation Lorentz group. Starting the connection quaternion group with group, spinors for Dirac and Weyl representations Poincaré are described consistently to extend super-Poincaré space–time.

We propose an algebraic analysis using a 3+1 decomposition to identify conditions for clever cancellation of the higher derivatives, which plagued theory with Ostrogradsky ghosts, by exploiting some existing degeneracy in Lagrangian. obtain these as linear equations (in terms coefficients derivative terms) and demand that they vanish, such existence nontrivial solutions implies is degenerate. find that, under consideration, no exist general inhomogeneous scalar field, but degenerate unitary...

This study is motivated by the recent observed realization of Pseudo Chiral Magnetic Effect (PCME) into continuum limit low-energy tight binding description graphene. We here proposed quantum PCME investigating Landau level structure system. The different physical quantities like current, chiral currents, number densities and condensate are discussed in this context with Further, effect conditions to system studied analyzing behavior levels under these conditions. provides a microscopic...