This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of graphene, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs), and calcium oxide (CaONPs) against various microorganisms in dairy wastewater. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) graphene was determined to be 41.66 mg/L for Escherichia coli 33.33 Staphylococcus aureus, outperforming TiO2NPs CaONPs. Additionally, sheets embedded with 2.8% TiO2 (GST2.8) demonstrated superior performance inhibiting bacterial growth compared unmodified or other...

Human activities significantly impact on river water quality as a crucial source. A study in the Gamasiab River analyzed samples from 16 points at three time periods, assessing element concentrations. The most polluted station was identified using spectrophotometric testing and treated with natural modified zeolite nanoparticles for purification. Various acid base combinations nanoparticles, optimizing their effectiveness adsorbents through tests under different conditions. Utilizing Design...

Abstract Dam construction continues its rapid expansion around the world primarily for purpose of hydropower generation. One important consequence such projects is local scour at downstream dam caused by outflow excess reservoir water through spillways or bottom outlets that associated with high velocities. The development endangers foundation and river banks undermines stability hydraulic structures. In this study, a detailed three-dimensional (3D) flow simulation conducted to investigate...

ABSTRACT This study has used Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and 6 (CMIP6). Hence, the runoff simulation was done in near-future period (2030–2050) scenarios by applying climate change conditions for HadGEM2-ES model under three representative concentration pathways RCP2.6, 4.5 8.5 HadGEM3-GC31-LL SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Examining climatic precipitation variables minimum maximum temperature showed a increase of 1.51–2.91 °C all models decrease 0.05–11.15%...

This paper investigates the effects of height and vertical position slots on reduction scouring periphery rectangular abutments by constructing various slot models in different dimensions under varying flow conditions. For purpose, 25 experiments were conducted clear water The results this study indicated that closer was placed to bed, more it would reduce with featuring identical heights equal half size depth. In other words, model which measured from surface underneath erodible bed or than...

This paper presents a multi-objective model for the closed-loop supply chain network design (CLSCND) with price-dependent demand while considering random disruptions and shortage. consists of suppliers, production centers, collection/inspection disposal market z ones. In this model, function is assumed to be price offered customer by two different linear exponential forms. Different resilience strategies including lateral transshipment among centers multi-source allocation are applied...

Vortex is the basic obstacle envisaged in morning glory spillways that can lead to reduction of spillway efficiency due decreasing discharge coefficient. It well known vortex breakers are best for increasing coefficient spillway. In present study, physical model constructed investigate influence number and geometry pyramidal on A set empirical equations developed as predictors breakers. Sensitivity analysis performed explore efficient parameters Findings show, a group six causes significant...

Pressure distribution around bottom outlet leaf gates and its role on the potential risk of cavitation, destructive vibrations gates, to determine downpull forces have been main importance tasks in studies works high dams. In this paper, regarding pressure a set experiments were performed at Water Research Center Ministry Iran Energy effect geometry gate flow conditions gates. Experiments based physical model gate.

As 180-degree meanders are observed in abundance nature, a meandering channel with two consecutive bends was designed and constructed to investigate bed topography variations. These mild located between upstream downstream straight paths. In this study, different mean velocity-to-critical velocity ratios have been tested at the path determine meander’s incipient motion. To end, variations along meander were addressed for ratios. addition, bend’s effect on bend investigated. Results indicated...

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic, with its much wider, faster prevalence compared to other pandemics, has caused widespread disruptions in supply chains that have made chain recovery more difficult. In this study, the impact of brought about by global crisis on both supply-side and demand-side components are evaluated simultaneously. particular, pandemic negatively affected health commodity chains. Moreover, study examines financing problems arising from disruptions, as bound experience...

The rapid water level drawdown of the dam reservoirs is one important factors earth stabilities. This phenomenon might occur over lifetime dams and levees. In order to investigate effect hydraulic conductivity on level, an experimental model was constructed in flume. By obtaining parameters materials, flow through this modelled by SEEP/W software. After validation with numerical model, results were compared observed data. Finally, a good agreement between experiments predictions....

In this study, variations in water surface profile and bed topography along a meandering path were examined under different experiment durations. Although several studies have been conducted on sediment scour open channels, addressing temporal channels requires independent, merely experimental research. regard, laboratory flume consisting of two consecutive 180-degree bends was used study. The test clear conditions 6 durations equal to 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1 times the equilibrium time...

To describe the complexity of flows accurately around side spillways, a 3D numerical flow model has been tested. In this study SSIIM2.0 is used to simulate unsteady in spillways schematic test channel. Side channel are one types outlet works at dams with wide applications irrigation, drainage systems, water and wastewater facilities. Overflow side, known as cross overflow sections free diversion devices hydraulic engineering. They made channels or rivers part discharge's crown top main...

Abstract Examining the condition of groundwater resources and impact droughts is valuable for effective water management. Today, machine learning (ML) models are recognized as one useful tools in time series predictions. In this study, most important aquifers northwest Iran was investigated using MODFLOW, followed by estimating resource index (GRI) utilizing multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) least squares support vector (LSSVR) a period between 2001 2019. Meteorological...

As 180-degree meanders are observed in abundance nature, a meandering channel with two consecutive bends was designed and constructed to investigate bed topography variations. These mild located between upstream downstream straight paths. In this study, different mean velocity critical ratios have been tested at the path determine meander's incipient motion. To end, variations along meander were addressed for ratios. addition, bend's effect on bend has investigated. Results indicated that...

The rapid ‎drawdown of the dam reservoir is one most common situations occurring in lifetime a dam. For this reason, main factors design upstream slope drainage reservoir. In case, critical condition and may be unstable. When water surface drawdown suddenly, level body does not decrease at same time as level. analysis seepage from earth calculation loss play an important role calculating amount pore pressure, and, consequently, stability body. addition, any dependent on hydraulic properties...