Standard seismic processing steps such as velocity analysis and reverse time migration (imaging) usually assume that all reflections are primaries: Multiples represent a source of coherent noise must be suppressed to avoid imaging artifacts. Many suppression methods relatively ineffective for internal multiples. We show how predict remove multiples using Marchenko autofocusing interferometry. first can theoretically reconstructed in convolutional interferometry by combining purely reflected,...

Accurate subsurface seismic velocities are crucial for drilling exploration wells, exploring geothermal resources, or locating events. Due to their dispersive nature and prevalence in ambient noise, surface wave can be used obtain shear beneath arrays. Localized velocity anomalies indicate the presence absence of fluids; Temporal variations changes fluid content poisson ratio over time, i.e. during operations. Three-component noise beamforming (B3Am) detects waves passing arrays...

Ensuring the structural integrity of concrete, particularly in critical infrastructures like bridges, requires reliable methods for identifying and localizing small-scale defects, such as fractures or damage. This study introduces a non-destructive evaluation technique that leverages principles both active ultrasonic testing passive seismic to enhance defect localization. The method, time-reverse imaging (A-TRI), compares waveforms recorded from concrete specimens their intact altered states...

Geothermal resources represent a significant opportunity for clean baseload energy in Europe, yet their development remains largely untapped. A key barrier to expanding geothermal is the challenge of greenfield exploration, where traditional active seismic methods face high costs, complex logistics, and limited depth resolution, which elevate project risks. Recently, ambient noise tomography, passive imaging technique, has emerged as promising alternative due its affordability, scalability,...

We apply a three-component beamforming algorithm to an ambient noise data set recorded at seismic array extract information about both isotropic and anisotropic surface wave velocities. In particular, we test the sensitivity of method with respect geometry as well seasonal variations in distribution sources. earth's crust, anisotropy is typically caused by oriented faults or fractures can be altered when earthquakes human activities cause these structures change. Monitoring changes thus...

Geothermal energy is an essential low-carbon resource for the transition. The subsurface characterization of geothermal fields vital expansion this resource. Often, faults and fractures provide secondary permeability required hydrothermal circulation. Anisotropy in ambient seismic noise wavefield a novel method constraining these within settings at inexpensive cost.We use code package B3AM to perform three-component (3C) beamforming noise. It array-based which extracts polarisation, azimuths...

The Matlab toolbox B3AM (B3AMpy for Python) three-component beamforming of ambient noise data provides a means to characterise the seismic (noise) wavefield and image near-surface properties quickly cheaply. Provided with array data, outputs dispersion curves pro-/retrograde Rayleigh Love waves, estimates composition propagation direction as function frequency, can be extended surface wave anisotropy analysis. We present recent results from gathered at geothermal sites in Netherlands, UK,...

We have evaluated an explicit relationship between the representations of internal multiples by source-receiver interferometry and inverse-scattering series. This provides a new insight into interaction different terms in each these multiple prediction equations explains why amplitudes estimated are typically incorrect. A downside existing is that their computational cost extremely high, which can be precluding factor especially 3D applications. Using our from interferometry, we developed...

Abstract To integrate structural subsurface models and smooth seismic velocity models, they need to share common features resolutions. Here, we propose a new approach, Depth Assessment from Rayleigh Wave Ellipticities (DARE), for estimating the depth of sudden changes ambient‐noise multi‐mode waves applicable wide range frequencies. At frequencies where have an extremum in ellipticity, phase can be used estimate changes. We test our approach theoretically, numerically, on real data two...

Source–receiver interferometry (SRI) refers to a technique construct the Green's function between source and receiver using only energy that has travelled from surrounding boundaries of sources receivers. If background medium is perturbed, corresponding interferometric equation can be expressed as sum eight terms, which result separation total wavefield into an unperturbed field perturbed scattered field. Here, contribution each individual term identified for singly diffracted waves methods...

Abstract We present a 1D shear-velocity model for Los Humeros geothermal field (Mexico) obtained from three-component beamforming of ambient seismic noise, imaging the first time bottom sedimentary basement ∼5 km below volcanic caldera, as well brittle-ductile transition at ∼10 depth. Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves are extracted noise measurements and inverted using Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme. The resulting probability density function provides distribution down to 15 depth, hence,...

Summary Characterizing faults in geothermal fields is essential for the energy transition, as enable efficient heat flow throughout reservoir. Three-component (3C) beamforming, an ambient seismic noise technique, a cheap and effective way to analyse fault-related anisotropy by observing surface wave velocities. 3C beamforming extracts type, direction phase velocities of coherent waves function frequency, which provides understanding Anisotropic have been shown be caused presence faults,...

We introduce the MATLAB toolbox B3AM for beamforming of three-component ambient noise array data. explain theory behind and polarisation analysis in particular, provide an overview workflow, discuss output using a worked example. The strength presented code package is multiple beam response maps from time windows. Hence, it provides statistical information about wavefield recorded over period time, such as ratio surface to body waves, average dispersion velocities, or dominant propagation...

An automated algorithm uses recordings of acoustic energy across a spatially-distributed array to derive information about multiply scattered waves in heterogeneous media. The arrival time and scattering-order each recorded diffracted wave, the exact sequence diffractors encountered by that are estimated without requiring an explicit model medium through which wave propagated. Individual identified on basis their unique single-scattering relative travel-time curves (move-outs) array,...

Rayleigh waves are prevalent in the ambient seismic noise wavefield and thus often exploited passive methods to characterise near subsurface. In fractured or faulted media, show azimuthal anisotropy that could provide information on fault properties. However, exact relationship between wave true anisotropic structures is not well known. This study used a three-component (3C) beam- forming toolbox analyse numerical full waveform propagation from conceptual models of media. We identify...

We introduce the code package B3AM for beamforming of three-component ambient noise array data, which is available MATLAB and Python. explain theory behind polarisation analysis in particular, provide an overview workflow, discuss output using a worked example based on implementation. The strength presented multiple beam response maps from time windows. Hence, it provides statistical information about wavefield recorded over period time, such as ratio surface to body waves, average...

Summary Seismic ambient methods have proven increasingly useful for site characterisation and seismic hazard assessment. Methods such as the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) technique been used to determine resonance frequency of shallow sedimentary layer. In this abstract, we use a three-component beamforming algorithm decipher composition noise. We show that by doing that, can better understand major contributor HVSR curve subsequently map thickness top layer either Love wave...

Summary Standard seismic processing steps such as velocity analysis and reverse time migration (imaging) usually assume that all reflections are primaries: multiples represent a source of coherent noise must be suppressed to avoid imaging artefacts. Suppressions methods relatively ineffective for internal multiples. We show how predict remove using Marchenko autofocusing interferometry. first can theoretically reconstructed in convolutional interferometry by combining purely reflected, up-...

In practical experiments, scattered (diffracted) wave energy has been observed to be better reconstructed by source-receiver interferometry (SRI) than inter-receiver interferometry. We show that non-physical or spurious results of are transformed into physical events when convolved with other signals as prescribed SRI. general, SRI reproduces the correct kinematics, and even dynamic waveforms waves in situations severely limited source receiver boundaries available – would fail. This...

<p>Determining elastic wave velocities and intrinsic attenuation of cylindrical rock samples by transmission ultrasound signals appears to be a simple experimental task, which is performed routinely in range geoscientific engineering applications requiring characterization rocks field laboratory. P- S-wave are generally determined from first arrivals excited specifically designed transducers. A couple methods exist for determining the attenuation, most them relying either on...

<p>We show that the geometry of a seismic array affects estimates velocity and propagation direction ambient noise wavefields measured with beamforming techniques. We demonstrate how this results in apparent anisotropy present first approaches to mitigate effect.</p><p>Beamforming is an technique originating from earthquake seismology has become increasingly popular analyse wavefield goal characterise sources (e.g., regions origin Love Rayleigh...

Abstract. Faults and fractures are crucial parameters for geothermal systems as they provide secondary permeability allowing fluids to circulate heat up in the subsurface. In this study, we use an ambient seismic noise technique referred three-component (3C) beamforming detect characterise faults at a field Mexico. We perform 3C on data collected Los Humeros Geothermal Field (LHGF) The LHGF is situated complicated geological area, being part of volcanic complex with active tectonic fault...

Abstract. Faults and fractures are crucial parameters for geothermal systems as they provide secondary permeability allowing fluids to circulate heat up in the subsurface. In this study, we use an ambient seismic noise technique referred three-component (3C) beamforming detect characterize faults at a field Mexico. We perform 3C on data collected Los Humeros Geothermal Field (LHGF) The LHGF is situated complicated geological area, part of volcanic complex with active tectonic fault system....