A5004817361- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Climate variability and models
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Climate change and permafrost
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Meat and Animal Product Quality
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth
- Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Aerospace Engineering and Energy Systems
- Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
University of Cambridge
2017-2024
GNS Science
2019-2024
Victoria University of Wellington
2022-2023
ORCID
2021
Climate Analytics
2016-2019
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
2015-2017
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
2011-2015
Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law
2011
Max Planck Society
2010
Abstract Our understanding of how global climatic changes are translated into ice-sheet fluctuations and sea-level change is currently limited by a lack knowledge the configuration ice sheets prior to Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here, we compile synthesis empirical data numerical modelling results related pre-LGM produce new hypotheses regarding their extent in Northern Hemisphere (NH) at 17 time-slices that span Quaternary. reconstructions illustrate pronounced asymmetry within last glacial...
Abstract. To assess the history of greenhouse gas emissions and individual countries' contributions to climate change, detailed historical data are needed. We combine several published datasets create a comprehensive set pathways for each country Kyoto gas, covering years 1850 2014 with yearly values, all UNFCCC member states most non-UNFCCC territories. The sectoral resolution is that main IPCC 1996 categories. Additional time series CO2 available energy industry subsectors....
The relationship between initial
Abstract The variability of climate has profoundly impacted a wide range macroecological processes in the Late Quaternary. Our understanding these greatly benefited from palaeoclimate simulations, however, high-quality reconstructions ecologically relevant climatic variables have thus far been limited to few selected time periods. Here, we present 0.5° resolution bias-corrected dataset global monthly temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, relative humidity and wind speed, 17 bioclimatic...
Abstract Whilst an African origin of modern humans is well established, the timings and routes their expansions into Eurasia are subject heated debate, due to scarcity fossils lack suitably old ancient DNA. Here, we use high-resolution palaeoclimate reconstructions estimate how difficult it would have been for in terms rainfall availability leave continent past 300k years. We then combine these results with anthropologically ecologically motivated minimum level required by hunter-gatherers...
The recent development of continuous paleoclimatic reconstructions covering hundreds thousands years paved the way for a large number studies from disciplines ranging paleoecology to archaeology, conservation population genetics, macroevolution anthropology and human evolution linguistics. Unfortunately, (paleo)climatic data can be challenging extract analyze scholars unfamiliar with such specific file formats. Here we present pastclim , an R package facilitating access use reconstructions....
Abstract. Even the most sophisticated global climate models are known to have significant biases in way they simulate system. Correcting model is therefore an essential step towards realistic palaeoclimatologies, which important for many applications such as modelling long-term ecological dynamics. Here, we evaluate three widely used bias correction methods – delta method, generalised additive (GAMs), and quantile mapping against a large dataset of empirical temperature precipitation records...
Abstract Of all the components of global sea-level budget, future contribution Antarctic Ice Sheet is most uncertain in rise projections. Dynamic ice sheet model simulations show considerable overlap projected under various greenhouse gas emissions scenarios and timescale at which scenario dependence will emerge unclear. With historically constrained a statistical emulator, we demonstrate that high-emissions signature not unambiguously from wide potential range low-emission projections for...
Curated global climate data have been generated from model outputs for the last 120,000 years, whereas reconstructions going back even further lacking due to high computational cost of simulations. Here, we present a statistically-derived terrestrial dataset every 1,000 years 800,000 years. It is based on set linear regressions between 72 existing HadCM3 simulations and external forcings consisting CO2, orbital parameters, land type. The estimated climatologies were interpolated 0.5°...
Abstract Increasing body and brain size constitutes a key macro-evolutionary pattern in the hominin lineage, yet mechanisms behind these changes remain debated. Hypothesized drivers include environmental, demographic, social, dietary, technological factors. Here we test influence of environmental factors on evolution genus Homo over last one million years using large fossil dataset combined with global paleoclimatic reconstructions formalized hypotheses tested quantitative statistical...
Abstract. We present simulations with a coupled atmosphere-ocean-biosphere model for the Middle Miocene 15 million years ago. The is insofar more consistent than previous models because it captures essential interactions between ocean and atmosphere vegetation. topography, which alters both large-scale atmospheric circulations, causes global warming of 0.7 K compared to day. Higher present-day CO2 levels 480 720 ppm cause 2.8 4.9 K. associated water vapour feedback enhances greenhouse effect...
Abstract. To assess the history of greenhouse gas emissions and individual countries' contributions to climate change, detailed historical data is needed. We combine several published datasets create a comprehensive set emission pathways each country Kyoto covering years 1850 2014 for all UNFCCC member states as well most non-UNFCCC territories. The sectoral resolution that main IPCC 1996 categories. Additional subsectors are available time series CO2 from energy industry. Country resolved...
Migration allows animals to exploit spatially separated and seasonally available resources at a continental global scale. However, responding climatic changes might prove challenging, especially for long-distance intercontinental migrants. During glacial periods, when conditions became too harsh breeding in the north, avian migrants have been hypothesized retract their distribution reside within small refugial areas. Here, we present data showing that an Afro-Palearctic migrant continued...
Wild horses thrived across Eurasia until the Last Glacial Maximum to collapse after beginning of Holocene. The interplay climate change, species adaptability different environments, and human domestication in horse history is still lacking coherent continental-scale analysis integrating lines evidence. We assembled temporal geographical information on 3070 occurrences Eurasia, frequency data for 1120 archeological layers Europe, matched them paleoclimatic paleoenvironmental simulations Late...
Abstract. We present SEMIC, a Surface Energy and Mass balance model of Intermediate Complexity for snow- ice-covered surfaces such as the Greenland ice sheet. SEMIC is fast enough glacial cycle applications, making it suitable replacement simpler methods positive degree day (PDD) method often used in sheet modelling. Our explicitly calculates main processes involved surface energy mass balance, while maintaining simple interface requiring minimal data input to drive it. In this novel...
Abstract. Even the most sophisticated global climate models are known to have significant biases in way they reconstruct system. Correcting model is therefore an essential step toward realistic paleoclimatologies, which crucial for modelling long-term and large-scale ecological dynamics. Here, we evaluate three widely-used bias correction methods – delta method, generalised additive quantile mapping against a dataset of empirical temperature precipitation records from present, mid-holocene...
Abstract Aim To determine the ecological processes and drivers of range collapse, population decline eventual extinction steppe bison in Eurasia. Location Siberia. Time period Pleistocene Holocene. Major taxa studied Steppe ( Bison priscus ). Methods We configured 110,000 spatially explicit models (SEPMs) climate–human–steppe interactions Siberia, which we ran at generational time steps from 50,000 years before present. used pattern‐oriented modelling (POM) fossil‐based inferences...
African paleoanthropological studies typically focus on regions of the continent such as Eastern, Southern and Northern Africa, which hold highest density Pleistocene archaeological sites. Nevertheless, lesser known areas West Africa also feature a high number Here, we present high-resolution map synthesising all well contextualised sites in Sub-Saharan Africa. A detailed elevation ecoregional was developed correlated with palaeoanthropological This is supplemented 1,000- 2000-year interval...
Abstract Global mean sea level has risen at an accelerating rate in the last decade and will continue to rise for centuries. The Amundsen Sea Embayment West Antarctica is a critical region present future ice loss, however most studies consider only worst-case region. Here we use sheet model sensitivity experiments investigate centennial scale implications of short-term periods enhanced ocean driven sub-ice shelf melting on loss assess what reduction necessary mitigate stream retreat offset...
Abstract Whilst an African origin for Anatomically Modern Humans is well established 1 , the timings of their expansions into Eurasia are subject to heated debate, due scarcity fossils and lack suitably old ancient DNA 2 . Here, we estimate potential routes out Africa by deriving anthropologically ecologically plausible precipitation requirements human existence, applying them high-resolution palaeoclimate reconstructions past 300k years. We find that exit previously suggested based on...
Abstract Extensive sequencing of modern and ancient human genomes has revealed that contemporary populations can be explained as the result recent mixing a few distinct ancestral genetic lineages 1 . But small number aDNA samples predate Last Glacial Maximum means origins these are not well understood. Here, we circumvent limited sampling by modelling explicitly effect climatic changes terrain on population demography migrations through time space, show factors sufficient to explain...