In 2010, this journal published an early exposition of inclusive masculinity theory. Since then, the theory has been widely adopted within both sport and masculinities literature. Furthermore, a large number other scholars not using have also documented labelled new types. There refinement Inclusive Masculinity Theory, alongside theoretical critiques. article, we provide overview genesis its refinement, before considering responding to unpublished critiques We then suggest future directions...

This research provides the first look into experiences of openly gay male team sport athletes on ostensibly all-heterosexual teams. Although were free from physical harassment, in absence a formal ban against athletes, resisted their acceptance and attempted to remain site orthodox masculine production by creating culture silence surrounding athleticism, segmenting men's identities, persistently using homophobic discourse discredit homosexuality general. Sports attempt tolerate when they...

Using in-depth interviews and participant observation from sixty-eight male cheerleaders four selected cheerleading teams, this research examines the construction of masculinity among college-age heterosexual cheerleaders. Whereas previous studies men in feminized terrain have shown that hegemonic processes dominance subordination influence most to bolster their through an approximation orthodox masculine requisites, finds collegiate today exhibit two forms normative masculinity. One form...

This study examined how coaches and players constructed regulated masculinity in organized sport. Using participant observation, the authors role of discourses construction regulation sporting within a semiprofessional British football (soccer) team. Two predominant were present: (a) establishing discourse (b) challenging discourse—heuristic tools to understand use toxic language maintenance masculinity. Coaches frequently used that drew on narratives war, gender, sexuality facilitate...

Furin is a membrane-associated calcium-dependent serine endoprotease that cleaves proproteins on the carboxyl side of consensus sequence -Arg-X-Lys/Arg-Arg-. Using site-directed mutagenesis, variant alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) was constructed which contains in its reactive site -Arg-X-X-Arg-, minimal required for efficient processing by furin (Molloy, S. S., Bresnahan, P. A., Leppla, H., Klimpel, K. R., and Thomas, G. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 16396-16402). This 1-AT variant, [Arg355...

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a rhabdoviral pathogen that infects wild and cultured salmonid fish throughout the Pacific Northwest of North America. IHNV causes severe epidemics in young can cause disease or occur asymptomatically adults. In broad survey 323 field isolates, sequence analysis 303 nucleotide variable region within glycoprotein gene revealed maximum diversity 8.6 %, indicating low genetic overall for this virus. Phylogenetic three major genogroups,...

This ethnographic research uses thirty-two in-depth interviews and two years of participant observation on a large chapter national fraternity to examine the construction masculinity among heterosexual men. Whereas previous studies masculine maintain that most men in fraternities attempt bolster their through approximation requisites hegemonic masculinity, this shows there also exists more inclusive form institutionalized fraternal system: one based social equality for gay men, respect...

This ethnographic research interrogates the relationship between sexuality, gender and homophobia how they impact on 16- to 18-year-old boys in a coeducational sixth form south of England. Framing our with inclusive masculinity theory, we find that, unlike elevated rates typically described academic literature, at ‘Standard High’ espouse pro-gay attitudes eliminate homophobic language. inclusivity simultaneously permits an expansion heteromasculine boundaries, so that are able express...

This ethnographic research uses one year of participant observation and 24 interviews to examine the construction masculinity among team-members within a highly successful rugby squad, at high-ranked academic university in England. We find that players coaches share sporting field which variations their gendered belief systems are sharply contested. Teammates believe be exhibiting an out-of-date, orthodox version masculinity, instead adopting coaches' perspectives on take more inclusive...

This article explores the cultural and structural forces that help influence reproduction of sexist, misogynistic, antifeminine attitudes among men in team sports. It first shows how segregation into a homosocial environment limits their social contact with women fosters an oppositional masculinity influences orthodox views regarding women. However, this research also when these same compete gender‐integrated sport cheerleading, they positively reformulate toward These findings therefore...

In this article I report findings from interviews with 26 openly gay male athletes who came out between 2008 and 2010. compare their experiences to those of 2000 2002. The in the 2010 cohort have had better after coming than earlier cohort, experiencing less heterosexism maintaining support among teammates. place these results context inclusive masculinity theory, suggesting that local cultures decreased homophobia created more positive for group.

Feminist and hegemony theorizing are used to explicate how sport its ancillary organizations occupations have managed reproduce masculinized nature despite the gains of second wave feminism that characterizes broader culture. The author shows contemporary sporting institutions largely originated as a political enterprise counter first feminism, describe gender-segregation self-selection permits sports' gatekeepers near-exclusively draw upon relatively homogenous group hyper-masculine,...

American football has long been central to the construction of masculinity in United States. Of multiple masculine scripts promoting professional players’ hegemonic status, sacrificing one’s body for sake sporting glory is a key tenet. Sport journalists have traditionally used their media platform reify this social script, an act which simultaneously promotes own capital. However, article investigates crack system. Through analysis reporting on Aaron Rodgers’ self-withdrawal (after hitting...

On the world’s most utilised video-sharing social networking site, YouTube, Charlie McDonnell ( Charlieissocoollike), Dan Howell Danisnotonfire) and Jack Finn Harries JacksGap) are Britain’s popular video-bloggers (vloggers). With more than two million regular subscribers to each of their channels, along with millions casual viewers, they represent a new form authentic online celebrity. These young men, whose YouTube careers began as teenagers, do not espouse traditional masculinity; sporty,...

This article traces the foundation of study between sport and physical cultures masculinities sexualities principally by examining homophobic zeitgeist which academic discipline was formed. I show that intense homophobia mid-1980s waned throughout 1990s, during new millennia, researchers found more inclusive forms heterosexuality. Indeed, research on today shows that, even in traditionally conservative institution sport, matters have shifted dramatically. has resulted not only improved...