Background: Large amounts of oily wastewater and its derivatives are discharged annually from several industries to the environment. Objective: The present study aims investigate ability remove oil content turbidity real wet oil's unit (West Qurna 1-Crude Oil Location/ Basra-Iraq) by using an innovated electrocoagulation reactor containing concentric aluminum tubes in a monopolar mode. Methods: influences operational variables (current density (1.77-7.07 mA/cm2) electrolysis time (10-40...

This work was conducted to study the extraction of eucalyptus oil from natural plants (Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves) using water distillation method by Clevenger apparatus. The effects main operating parameters were studied: time reach equilibrium, temperature (70 to100°C), solvent solid ratio (4:1 8:1 (v/w)), agitation speed (0 900 rpm), and particle size (0.5 2.5 cm) fresh leaves, find best processing conditions for achieving maximum yield. results showed that rpm, 100° C, with 5:1...

The modified Hummers method was applied to prepare graphene oxide (GO) from the graphite powder. Tin nanoparticles with different loading (10-20 wt.%) supported on reduced were synthesized evaluate oxidative desulfurization efficiency. catalyst by incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) technique. Different analysis methods like FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, AFM, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) utilized characterize catalysts. XRD showed that average crystal size of 6.05 nm. In addition, FESEM results...

This work was conducted to study the extraction of eucalyptus oil from natural plants (Eucalyptus camadulensis leaves) by organic solvents. effects main operating parameters were studied; type solvent (n-hexane and ethanol), time reach equilibrium, temperature (45&degC 65&degC) for n-hexane 75&degC) ethanol, solid ratio (5:1 8:1 (v/w)), agitation speed (0 900 rpm) particle size (0.5 2.5 cm) fresh leaves find best processing conditions achieving maximum yield. The concentration in measured...

Oil spills pose significant environmental, ecological, and economic challenges worldwide. Since current remediation technologies proved inefficient in restoring marine ecosystems, this study adopted a straightforward economical method of utilizing iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized using homogeneous co-precipitation method. The colloidal dispersibility MNPs was enhanced by applying an ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) coating,...

The extraction of Basil oil from Iraqi Ocimum basillicum leaves using n-hexane and petroleum ether as organic solvents were studied compared.The concentration has been determined in a variety temperatures agitation speed.The solvent to solid ratio effect order evaluate the oil.The optimum experimental conditions for established follows: solvent, 60 °C temperature, 300 rpm speed 40:1 mL:g amount ratio.

Rate of mass transfer to a smooth stainless-steel rotating cylinder electrode was found by measuring the limiting current for cathodic reduction Cd2+ in 0.5 M sodium sulfate supporting electrolyte hydrodynamic voltammetry mode. The studied parameters were pH (4, 5, 6, and 7), initial concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300, 400 ppm), rotation rates (100, 150, 250 rpm). Reduction potential control conditions be –0.13 V. Diffusion coefficient determined correlated with bulk concentration solution....

This study aimed to extraction of essential oil from peppermint leaves by using hydro distillation methods. In the with method is studied effect temperature yield oil. Besides it also kinetics during process. Then, 2nd -order mechanism was adopted in model for estimation many parameters such as initial rate, capacity and constant rat various temperature. The same used estimate activation energy. results showed a spontaneous process, since Gibbs free energy had value negative sign.

The removal of turbidity from produced water by chemical coagulation/flocculation method using locally available coagulants was investigated. Aluminum sulfate (alum) is selected as a primary coagulant, while calcium hydroxide (lime) used coagulant aid. performance these studied through jar test comparing at different coagulant/ aid ratio, dose, pH, and sedimentation time. In addition, an attempt has been made to examine the relationship between (NTU) total suspended solids (mg/L) on same...

In this study, nano TiO2 was prepared with titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) as a resource to oxide. The catalyst synthesized using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (STAB) used the structure-directing material. Characterization of product done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF), nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, were characterize calcined nanoparticles...

Large quantities of contaminated carwash wastewater are produced per day from places. Extensively it contains large chemicals detergents, oil, grease, heavy metals, suspended solids, types hydrocarbons, and biological contents. A novel electrocoagulation treatment by foil electrodes was conducted to remove COD, turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) decrease its Electrical Conductivity (EC). thin layer aluminum is used as an electrode in this process. The effects different voltage times...

Abstract In this paper the effect of mixing TiO2 nanoparticles with epoxy resin is studied. The would be synthesis and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD FTIR, for two particle sizes 50 25 nm. thermal conductivity measured without composite resin; results showed that was increased as nanoparticle concentration too. size decreased.

Aeration system in the cultivation of Chlorella Sp. Microalgae using dairy wastewater as culture media was addressed current study. This research aimed to study effect aeration bubble column bioreactor on biological synergy between microalgae and bacteria if they are present same place. The results show that sterilization stage is not dominant step success water-rich organic waste. There a clear convergence growth rate sterilized non-sterilized media, which gives realism proposal applied...

Ethanol as a solvent, precursor of titanium isopropoxide and stabilizer either hydrochloric acid or ammonium hydroxide was used to prepare dioxide aqueous solution. The solutions with different values pH the morphology resultant reaction nanoparticles were investigated. X-ray diffraction showed that at low temperatures acidic solutions, rutile structures are more favorable grow on synthesized, while average base anatase phase is pronounced. crystalline form re-confirmation crystallite size...

This study investigates the results of electrocoagulation (EC) using aluminum (Al) electrodes as anode and stainless steel (grade 316) a cathode for removing silica, calcium, magnesium ions from simulated cooling tower blowdown waters. The water contains (50 mg/l 508 292 magnesium). influence different experimental parameters, such current density (0.5, 1, 2 mA/cm2), initial pH(5,7, 10), temperature solution(250C 35 0C), electrolysis time was studied. highest removal efficiency 80.183%,...

Abstract The majority of lubricating oil properties are the product a material being used to enhance or produce desired properties. Different materials with various nanostructures now as new additives improve lubricants’ due their peculiar characteristics. In this study, oleic acid was surface-modified TiO 2 and CuO nanoparticles dispersion stability Nanofluid. X-ray diffraction Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy FT-IR characterize nanoparticles. main objective paper investigate...

The present study addresses the behavior of gases in cultivation media as an essential factor to develop relationship between microorganisms that are same environment. This was explained via mass transfer those be a reasonable driving force changing biological trends. Stripping and dissolution oxygen carbon dioxide water dairy wastewater were investigated this study. Bubble column bioreactor under thermal control system constructed used for these processes. experimental results showed...

This work is concerned with the design and performance evaluation of a shell double concentric tubes heat exchanger using Solid Works ANSY (Computational Fluid Dynamics).
 Computational fluid dynamics technique which computer-based analysis used to simulate involving flow, transfer. CFD resolve entire in discrete elements find: (1) temperature gradients, (2) pressure distribution, (3) velocity vectors. The RNG k-ε model turbulence determining accurate results from CFD.
 for this...

Oily carwash wastewater is a high organic and chemical wastewater. This paper targeted to investigate treatment decrease the water consumption contaminants in car-washing stations. Electrocoagulation combined with ultrasonic energy (Sono-Electrocoagulation) was suggested so that treated be reused. The effect of both voltage time on removal COD, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS) were studied at constant initial pH 7 electrode distance 2 cm. results showed best TDS, reduce...

This study focuses on CFD analysis in the field of shell and double concentric tube heat exchanger. A commercial package was used to resolve flow temperature fields inside tubes exchanger used. Simulations by are performed for single tube.
 included 16 20 baffles. The had a length 1.18 m its diameter 220 mm. Solid Works 2014, ANSYS 15.0 software analyze tubes. RNG k-ε model it provided good results. Coarse fine meshes were investigated, showing that aspect ratio has no significant...

In this paper the effect of nanofluid is studied in double pipe heat exchanger counter current flow, viscosity nanofluids are measured at different temperatures and particle sizes. SiO2 nanoparticles dispersed concentrations (0.2-2) % with sizes (50-25) nm base fluid water. The friction factor transfer coefficient calculated nanoparticle sizes, results showed that was increased as concentration increased. size decreased. particles decrease.

Poly vinyl alcohol has been studied for its ability to form crystallites by using annealing method. Semicrystalline films of poly (PVA) were prepared casting 11.5 wt. % and 13 PVA aqueous solution onto glass slides at temperature range 90 -120°C duration time 15- 60 minute. This allowed the macromolecules crystallites, small regions folded compacted chains separated amorphous where single chain may pass through several these crystallites. Degree crystallinity (hydrogels) was determined...

Iron nanoparticles were prepared by using the co-precipitation process, and then used to fabricate magnetic field-responsive hydrogel films. The nanoparticles' structural, physical-chemical, morphological, characteristics effect of films' coating concentration studied. properties film responsive field investigated Fourier analysis spectroscopy infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a vibration sample magnetometer (VSM). results indicated that all...