Agricultural food production is projected to be 70% higher by 2050 than it today, with the world population rising more 9 billion, 34% now. The farmers have been forced produce same resources. This pressure means that optimizing productivity one of main objectives producers but also in a sustainable way. Not only does agriculture face decline production, has had limitations data collection, storing, securing, and sharing, climate change, increases input prices, traditional supply chain...

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks pose an increasing threat to businesses and government agencies. They harm internet businesses, limit access information services, damage corporate brands. Attackers use application layer DDoS that are not easily detectable because impersonating authentic users. In this study, we address novel by analyzing the characteristics incoming packets, including size HTTP frame number Internet Protocol (IP) addresses sent, constant mappings ports, IP using...

Sensor networks feature low-cost sensor devices with wireless network capability, limited transmit power, resource constraints, and battery energy. Cooperative routing exploits the broadcast nature of medium transmits cooperatively using nearby nodes as relays. It is a promising technique that utilizes cooperative communication to improve quality single-antenna nodes. In this paper, we propose transmission scheme for underwater (UWSNs) enhance performance. diversity has been introduced...

Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) offer their practicable applications in seismic monitoring, sea mine detection, and disaster prevention. In these networks, fundamental difference between operational methodologies of routing schemes arises due to the requirement time-critical applications; therefore, there is a need for design delay-sensitive techniques. this paper, Delay-Sensitive Depth-Based Routing (DSDBR), Energy Efficient (DSEEDBR), Adaptive Mobility Courier nodes...

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is an emerging technology for exploration of underwater resources. Security plays important role in the UWSNs environment because prone to different security attacks. This research proposes SEECR: Secure Energy Efficient and Cooperative Routing protocol UWSNs. SEECR comprised energy efficient strong defense mechanism combatting attacks environment. exploits cooperative routing enhancing performance network. Considering resource constrained minimum...

Blockchain is an emerging field of study in a number applications and domains. Especially when combine with Internet Things (IoT) this become truly transformative, opening up new plans action, improving engagement revolutionizing many sectors including agriculture. IoT devices are intelligent have high critical capabilities but low-powered less storage, face challenges used isolation. Maintaining the network consuming energy by means redundant or fabricated data transfer lead to consumption...

In dense underwater sensor networks (UWSN), the major confronts are high error probability, incessant variation in topology of nodes, and much energy consumption for data transmission. However, there some remarkable applications UWSN such as management seabed oil reservoirs, exploration deep sea situation prevention aqueous disasters. order to accomplish these applications, ignorance limitations acoustic communications delay low bandwidth is not feasible. this paper, we propose Adaptive...

Wireless sensor networks and, particularly wireless body area (WBANs) are the key building blocks of upcoming generation networks. Modern health care system is one most popular WBAN application and a hot research in subject to present work. In recent years, has focused on channel modeling, energy conservation design efficient medium access control (MAC) schemes. Less attention been paid path-loss performance analysis. this work, we propose LAEEBA (Link-aware Energy Efficient scheme for Body...

Reconnaissance might be the longest phase, sometimes take weeks or months. The black hat makes use of passive information gathering techniques. Once attacker has sufficient statistics, then starts technique scanning perimeter and internal network devices seeking out open ports related services. In this paper we are showing traffic accountability time to complete specific task during reconnaissance phase active with nmap tool proposed strategies that how deal large volumes hosts conserve as well task.

The escalating urgency to address environmental degradation and promote sustainable development globally has emphasized the critical role of Green Finance (GF) in fostering responsible practices across industries. tourism sector drawn significant attention due its substantial impact, necessitating implementation robust financial mechanisms mitigate ecological footprint. China, recognized as a key player global arena, convergence rapid economic expansion imperative for conservation presents...

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This study explores the mediating roles of psychological empowerment and social identification in relationship between well-being oriented human resource management (WBHRM) practices employee performance within banking sector. Based on positive psychology, self-determination theory, identity this posits that well-being-oriented HRM enhance by fostering both individual agency a collective sense belonging. By taking reliable validated measures across 450 employees multiple locations banks...

Background Knowledge: Diabetic patients at heightened risk for urinary and renal problems resulting from metabolic abnormalities. Urine dipstick examination is a quick non-invasive diagnostic method often used to identify abnormalities in many clinical parameters, such as nitrites, protein concentrations, ketone bodies, leukocyte esterase. Aim: The study aims examine the incidence of tract infections (UTIs) Type II diabetes by comparing effectiveness testing microscopic analysis. Material...

VANET is an application and subclass of MANETs, a quickly maturing, promising, emerging technology these days. VANETs establish communication among vehicles (V2V) roadside infrastructure (V2I). As move with high speed, hence environment topology change time. There no optimum routing protocol which ensures full-pledge on-time delivery data to destination nodes, absolutely scheme design for flawless packet exchange still challenging task. In VANETs, accurate fundamental safety alert messages...

To survive in the fierce competition of telecommunication industry and to retain existing loyal customers, prediction potential churn customer has become a crucial task for practitioners academicians through predictive modeling techniques. The identification customers can be done efficient models. By allocation dedicated resources retention these would control flow dissatisfied consumers thinking leave company. This paper proposes artificial neural network approach intending switch over...

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are an eminent area of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) which includes vehicle tracking, positioning, and emergency warnings. For protective applications, localization in the urban is a significant problem. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) one many solutions that have been offered, although they do not offer accuracy. To locate target accurately, unique approach called received signal strength- (RSS-) based scheme has proposed. By detecting signals...

Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are ad-hoc which deployed at rivers, seas and oceans to explore monitor the phenomena such as pollution control, seismic activities petroleum mining etc. The nodes of UWSNs have limited charging capabilities. generally operated under two deployment mechanisms i.e localization non-localization based. However, in both mechanisms, balanced energy utilization is a challenging issue. Inefficient usage significantly affects stability period, packet delivery...

Vehicular ad hoc networks consist of access points for communication, transmission, and collecting information nodes environment managing traffic loads. Clustering can be performed in the vehicular achieving desired goals. Due to random range networks, stability is major issue on which research still progress. In this article, a moth flame optimization–driven clustering algorithm presented replicating social behavior flames creating efficient clusters. The proposed framework extracted from...

The Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) is used to transfer the load among several power sources ensure continuous operation of load. ATS required in developing countries where frequent failure an intense issue. Industries, public and private sector organizations even domestic users cannot tolerate outage because it pushes them loss business, interrupt normal official work, hindrance routine life. In this paper we have emphasized use good interface terms switching speeds smooth transitions. This...

Reliability is a key factor for application-oriented Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) which are utilized gaining certain objectives and demand always exists efficient data routing mechanisms. Cooperative promising technique utilizes the broadcast feature of wireless medium forwards with cooperation using sensor nodes as relays. Here, we present cooperation-based protocol underwater networks to enhance their performance called Stochastic Performance Analysis Cooperation (SPARCO)....

Recent years have seen remarkable advancement in the field of Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks (EH-WSNs). The popularity energy harvesting has grown owing to its capability prolonging network lifetime. devices utilising are affected by inefficiencies including leakage, and battery degradation or storage losses. Many different protocols being developed recent this domain. These can be categorised a variety ways with respect their mechanisms functionalities they follow; hence, it...

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are comprised of nodes that deployed under the water having limited battery power and other resources. Applications UWSNs include monitoring quality water, mine detection, environment monitoring, military surveillance, disaster prediction, underwater navigation. more vulnerable to security attacks as compared their counterparts such (WSNs). The possible in can abrupt operation entire network. This research work presents analysis relevant done on...