This experiment tested the hypothesis that exercise would improve executive function.Sedentary, overweight 7- to 11-year-old children (N = 171, 56% girls, 61% Black, M ± SD age 9.3 1.0 years, body mass index [BMI] 26 4.6 kg/m², BMI z-score 2.1 0.4) were randomized 13 1.6 weeks of an program (20 or 40 min/day), a control condition.Blinded, standardized psychological evaluations (Cognitive Assessment System and Woodcock-Johnson Tests Achievement III) assessed cognition academic achievement....

Adipose tissue is a known source of proinflammatory cytokines in obese humans and animal models, including the db/db mouse, which obesity arises as result leptin receptor insensitivity. Inflammatory induce cognitive deficits across numerous conditions, but no studies have determined whether obesity-induced inflammation mediates synaptic dysfunction. To address this question, we used treadmill training paradigm mice were exposed to daily sessions or an immobile belt, with motivation achieved...

The study tested the effect of aerobic exercise training on executive function in overweight children. Ninety-four sedentary, but otherwise healthy children (mean age = 9.2 years, body mass index ? 85th percentile) were randomized to a low-dose (20 min/day exercise), high-dose (40 or control condition. Exercise sessions met 5 days/week for 15 weeks. Cognitive Assessment System (CAS), standardized test cognitive processes, was administered individually before and following intervention....

To examine relationships among parenting styles, regimen adherence, and glycemic control for preschool elementary school children who have Type I diabetes.Parents of 55 with diabetes completed style adherence questionnaires. Glycosylated hemoglobin results were collected by chart review.Parental warmth was associated better ratings. Regression analyses showed that parental explained 27% the variance in Parental restrictiveness worse univariate analyses. However, only Black ethnicity, not or...

Context-Pediatric studies showed that aerobic exercise reduces metabolic risk, but dose response information is not available. Objective-Test the effect of training on insulin resistance, fatness, visceral fat, and fitness in overweight, sedentary children, test moderation by sex race.Design, Setting, Participants-Randomized, controlled, efficacy trial from 2003 through 2007, which 222 overweight or obese, children (mean age, 9.4 yrs; 42% male, 58% black) were recruited 15 public schools...

Abstract Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact a 10‐month after‐school physical activity (PA) program on body composition and cardiovascular (CV) fitness in young black girls. Research Methods Procedures: Subjects were 8‐ 12‐year‐olds recruited from elementary schools. Body measured using anthropometrics {waist circumference BMI, DXA [percentage fat (%BF)] bone mineral density (BMD)}, magnetic resonance imaging [visceral adipose tissue (VAT)]. CV graded treadmill test....

Objective Children who are less fit reportedly have lower performance on tests of cognitive control and differences in brain function. This study examined the effect an exercise intervention function during two tasks overweight children. Design Methods Participants included 43 unfit, (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) children 8‐ to 11‐years old (91% Black), were randomly divided into either aerobic ( n = 24) or attention group 19). Each was offered a separate instructor‐led after‐school program every...

Journal Article Spontaneous Tumors in the Sprague-Dawley Rat Get access S. W. Thompson, D.V.M., M.S., M.S. Pathology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research and Nutrition Laboratory, Fitzsimons General Hospital, Denver, Colorado Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R.A. Huseby, M.D., Ph.D., Ph.D. Mary A. Fox, A.B., A.B. C. L. Davis, D.V.M. R. D. Hunt, JNCI: of National Cancer Institute, Volume 27, Issue 5, November 1961, Pages 1037–1057,...

Abstract In childhood, excess adiposity and low fitness are linked to poor academic performance, lower cognitive function, differences in brain structure. Identifying ways mitigate obesity‐related alterations is of current clinical importance. This study examined the effects an 8‐month exercise intervention on uncinate fasciculus, a white matter fiber tract connecting frontal temporal lobes. Participants consisted 18 unfit, overweight 8‐ 11‐year‐old children (94% Black) who were randomly...

Aerobic fitness is associated with white matter integrity (WMI) in adults as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). This study examined the effect of an 8-month exercise intervention on WMI children. Participants were 18 sedentary, overweight (BMI ≥85th percentile) 8- to 11-year-old children (94% Black), randomly assigned either aerobic (n = 10) or sedentary attention control group 8). Each was offered instructor-led after-school program every school day for approximately 8 months....

The study tested the effect of aerobic exercise training on executive function in overweight children.Ninety-four sedentary, but otherwise healthy children (mean age = 9.2 years, body mass index ≥ 85th percentile) were randomized to a low-dose (20 min/day exercise), high-dose (40 min/ day or control condition.Exercise sessions met 5 day/wk for 15 weeks.The Cognitive Assessment System (CAS), standardized test cognitive processes, was administered individually before and following...

Increased waist circumference has been shown to contribute cardiovascular risk in obese adults. This study was designed examine whether routinely assessing children adds predictive value for the development of diabetes and other factors.This is a cross-sectional on community sample 188 apparently healthy 7-11 years, 60% black, 39% male. Anthropometry, fasting lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test, magnetic resonance imaging abdominal fat were done. High defined as > or = 90(th)...

Objective To test the dose–response effects of an exercise program on depressive symptoms and self-worth in children. Method Overweight, sedentary children (N = 207, 7–11 years, 58% male, 59% Black) were randomly assigned to low or high dose (20 40 min/day) aerobic programs (13 ± 1.6 weeks), control group. Children completed Reynolds Child Depression Scale Self-Perception Profile for at baseline posttest. Results A benefit was detected symptoms. race × group interaction showed only White...

Abstract Childhood studies of the fat-bone relationship are conflicting, possibly reflecting influence metabolic abnormalities in some but not all obese children. Bone mass was compared between prepubertal overweight children with (n = 41) and without 99) prediabetes. Associations bone measures total central adiposity, glucose intolerance, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, systemic inflammation, osteocalcin also were determined. In 140 aged 7 to 11 years, an oral tolerance test used...

Journal Article Exercise effects on quality of life, mood, and self-worth in overweight children: the SMART randomized controlled trial Get access Celestine F Williams, Williams Department Population Health Sciences, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eduardo E Bustamante, Bustamante Kinesiology & Nutrition, Applied University Illinois at Chicago, IL,...