Interleukin 1 and nitric oxide (NO) from infiltrating macrophages activated mesangial cells may act in concert to sustain promote glomerular damage. To evaluate if such synergy occurs, we evaluated the effect IL-1 beta NO on formation of prostaglandin (PG)E2 cyclooxygenase (COX) expression. The donors, sodium nitroprusside S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, alone did not increase basal PGE2 formation. However, these compounds amplified beta-induced production. Similarly,...

The present study provides evidence that growth factor-like glycerophosphate mediators of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) family are in aqueous humor and lacrimal gland fluid rabbit eye. By use a combination HPLC, two-dimensional TLC, mass spectrometry, Xenopus oocyte bioassay, LPA-like phospholipids LPA, cyclic PA, alkenyl-glycerophosphate (GP), lysophosphatidylserine, phosphatidic were detected as physiological constituents fluids bathing cornea. Corneal injury resulted an increased...

To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of flexible-dose fesoterodine in subjects with overactive bladder (OAB) who were dissatisfied previous tolterodine treatment.This was a 12-week, open-label, study adults OAB (> or = 8 micturitions > 3 urgency episodes per 24 h) had been treated (immediate- extended-release) for within 2 years screening reported dissatisfaction treatment. Subjects received 4 mg once daily weeks; thereafter, dosage maintained at increased to based on subject's...

Fesoterodine is a new antimuscarinic agent for the treatment of overactive bladder. Following oral administration, fesoterodine rapidly and extensively hydrolyzed by nonspecific esterases to its active moiety: 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine (5-HMT). The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are not involved in formation 5-HMT; however, CYP2D6 CYP3A4 provide 2 alternative pathways further metabolism inactivation 5-HMT.Single doses 4 mg, 8 mg or 12 sustained-release tablets fasted state fed state.This...

Chrysophanol (CHR), a purified active constituent extracted from Rheum palmatum L., possesses anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to evaluate its effects on asthma-associated airway inflammation and remodeling. BALB/c mice were sensitized challenged by ovalbumin (OVA) administrated with different doses of CHR. We found that CHR decreased OVA-induced pulmonary inflammation: the levels interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase...

Abstract Fusobacterium nucleatum is a heterogeneous bacterium that includes four subspecies. It not only an opportunistic pathogen of periodontitis but also can be frequently detected at the lesion sites various systemic diseases. Extensive research has underscored significant involvement F. in onset, progression, and therapeutic responses numerous oral systematic Given its convenient isolation from lesions, feasibility to cultivate vitro, diverse pathogenic pathways, emerged as “model...

Objective:To determine whether weight loss could reverse excessive sleep in high-fat diet-induced obesity.

Cytophaga hutchinsonii is a widely distributed cellulolytic bacterium in the phylum Bacteroidetes. It can digest crystalline cellulose rapidly without free cellulases or cellulosomes. The mechanism of its utilization remains mystery. We developed an efficient method based on linear DNA double-crossover and FLP-FRT recombination system to obtain unmarked deletions both single genes large genomic fragments C. hutchinsonii. Unmarked deletion CHU_3237 (porU), ortholog C-terminal signal peptidase...

Much evidence suggests that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is involved in the regulation of physiological sleep. However, it remains unclear whether peripheral administration TNF-alpha induces sleep rats. Furthermore, role vagus nerve somnogenic actions had not heretofore been studied. Four doses were administered intraperitoneally just before onset dark period. The three higher (50, 100, and 200 microg/kg) dose dependently increased nonrapid eye movement (NREMS), accompanied by...

The aim of this study was to assess the long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy fesoterodine treatment in subjects with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.This an open-label extension a 12-week, double-blind study. During treatment, all received 8 mg for initial 4 weeks, after which could elect dose reduction or subsequent reescalation during clinic visits (dose each permitted once annually). maximum allowable duration ranged from 24 32 months across sites. Safety were evaluated via...

Panax ginseng and Fructus mume (Renshen Wumei in Chinese, RW) are natural medicines with high nutritional pharmacological value. They have been widely used together China to treat gastrointestinal diseases, especially persistent diarrhea, but the potential mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, a diarrhea model was established rats using 30% aqueous extract of senna. The therapeutic effects RW were evaluated by recording prevalence loose stools, index, histopathological changes colon...