The peer-to-peer (P2P) network of blockchain used to transport its transactions and blocks has a high impact on the efficiency security system. P2P topologies popular blockchains such as Bitcoin Ethereum, therefore, deserve our highest attention. current Ethereum explorers (e.g., Etherscan) focus tracking block transaction records but omit characterization underlying network. This work presents Network Analyzer (Ethna), tool that probes analyzes blockchain. Unlike adopts an unstructured...

Proof of Authority (PoA) plays a pivotal role in blockchains for reaching consensus. Clique, which selects consensus nodes to generate blocks with pre-determined order, is the most popular implementation PoA due its low communication overhead and energy consumption. However, our study unveils that speed process transactions by Clique severely restricted 1) long delay full (each containing certain number transactions) between nodes; 2) occurrences no-turn blocks, generated if an in-turn block...

Recently, with the vigorous development of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) on Ethereum blockchain, economic value and user scale keep growing. However, low transaction processing capability prevents its further development. One factor that limits is bandwidth required to synchronize blocks over nodes in network. This work proposes a new block synchronization protocol, referred as LightBlock, which dedicated reducing used by network disseminate messages. The LightBlock protocol great...

Compact block, which replaces transactions in the block with their hashes, is an effective means to speed up propagation Bitcoin network. The compact mechanism counts on fact that many nodes may already have (or most of transactions) therefore sending complete containing full unnecessary. This fact, however, does not hold Ethereum Adopting directly degrade significantly because probability a node having transaction relatively high and requesting missing after receiving takes much additional...

Despite numerous prior attempts to boost transaction per second (TPS) of blockchain systems, many sacrifice decentralization and security. This paper proposes a bodyless block propagation (BBP) scheme for which the blockbody is not validated transmitted during propagation, increase TPS without compromising Nodes in network anticipate transactions their ordering next upcoming so that these can be pre-executed pre-validated before born. For with $N$ nodes, our theoretical analysis reveals BBP...

In Ethereum, the ledger exchanges messages along an underlying Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network to reach consistency. Understanding topology of Ethereum is crucial for optimization, security and scalability. However, accurate discovery non-trivial due its deliberately designed mechanism. Consequently, existing measuring schemes cannot accurately infer with a low cost. To address this challenge, we propose Distributed Network Analyzer (DEthna) tool, which can efficiently measure topology. DEthna,...

Account abstraction is a method that enhances the flexibility and extensibility of blockchain accounts. For Ethereum blockchain, ERC-4337 proposal for implementing account without modifying logic underlying consensus protocol. However, due to its complete implementation through smart contracts, transaction costs associated with remain expensive compared regular Externally Owned (EOA) transactions. To evaluate usage ERC-4337, we introduce two innovative algorithms: Classification Algorithm...

The peer-to-peer (P2P) network of blockchain used to transport its transactions and blocks has a high impact on the efficiency security system. P2P topologies popular blockchains such as Bitcoin Ethereum, therefore, deserve our highest attention. current Ethereum explorers (e.g., Etherscan) focus tracking block transaction records but omit characterization underlying network. This work presents Network Analyzer (Ethna), tool that probes analyzes blockchain. Unlike adopts an unstructured...

Compact block, which replaces transactions in the block with their hashes, is an effective means to speed up propagation Bitcoin network. The compact mechanism counts on fact that many nodes may already have (or most of transactions) therefore sending complete containing full unnecessary. This fact, however, does not hold Ethereum Adopting directly degrade significantly because probability a node having transaction relatively high and requesting missing after receiving takes much additional...