The authors evaluated 18 dysphoric children aged 6--12 years by structured clinical assessments and an overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) administered on outpatient basis. Nine met diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, 8 of the 9 also Research Diagnostic Criteria endogenous depression. Of depressed children, 5 had abnormal DST results; nondepressed normal results. results suggest that depression in childhood is not a rare condition it clinically...

Angioedema involves fluid accumulation into the interstitial spaces of dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and mucosal surfaces. While usually benign self-limited, angioedema can lead to laryngeal edema, a life-threatening condition. The most common causes are histamine-mediated allergic reactions. However, also be mediated by bradykinin. Bradykinin-mediated occur in setting hereditary deficiency C1q esterase after exposure several medications. Drug-induced is commonly secondary complication...

Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is a rare, autosomal dominant condition that within the spectrum of Lynch (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)). Sebaceous adenomas are among most specific manifestations MTS. Other malignancies include tumors colon, rectum, and genitourinary systems, such as endometrial, ovarian, urothelial, prostate cancer. Individuals at risk for MTS identified using Mayo score, which assesses based on family history syndrome-associated cancers, personal these age...

Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is often employed to inform decision makers about the desirability of transport infrastructure investment options. One main limitations traditional CBA approaches that they do not provide a dynamic view explicitly illustrates cost and benefit relationships between component entities over time. This paper addresses this issue by describing System Dynamics (SD) approach can perform through application systems thinking develop causal-loop model subsequently be...

Abstract The SPE taxonomy of evolving software systems, first proposed by Lehman in 1980, is re‐examined this work. primary concepts evolution are related to generic theories evolution, particularly Dawkins' concept a replicator, the hermeneutic tradition philosophy and Kuhn's paradigm. These provide foundations that needed for understanding phenomenon refining definitions categories. In particular, work argues system should be defined as type P if its controlling stakeholders have made...

Abstract The engineering discipline of systems was developed as means to address the design, implementation and operation large, complex technical systems. Whilst includes methods for addressing whole life‐cycle end product system, processes determining what should be made, it still reflects many aspects traditional worldview. During past decade or so, there has been a growing trend within community appreciate that much wider concerns than just properly encompasses social interaction people...

One of the key impediments to expansion Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) practice across lifecycle, particularly in competitive tendering environments, is continued reliance on documents define contractual interface between acquirer and supplier. This paper describes collaborative research project University South Australia (UniSA), Defence Innovation Centre (DSIC), Science Technology Organisation (DSTO) that investigating capability DSTO Whole-of- System Analytical Framework (WSAF)...

In addition to managing day-to-day maintenance, information system managers need be able predict and plan the longer-term evolution of software systems on an objective, quantified basis. Currently this is a difficult task, since dynamics evolution, characteristics evolvable are not clearly understood. paper we present approach understanding evolution. The looks at from two different points view. dynamic viewpoint investigates how model trends static studies artefacts see what makes more...

There are many approaches used to coordinate the development of military systems around world. Selection an appropriate approach, however, is not a simple matter and depends on factors. This paper discusses early work framework that can be characterize SoSE problem interest direct user along with compatible processes, methods, procedures, tools facilities conduct activities.

The successful realization of the goal Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) practice, to contain all project information in models, is predicated on ability system model represent needs a broad range stakeholders such as owners, acquirers, suppliers, maintainers, and users. paper opens by discussing interface between acquirer supplier within pre-contract competitive Australian defence context. From this earlier work, need for interest be built upon comprehensive knowledge representation...

The existence of structured approaches and associated methods, processes tools that enable mainstream practitioners to tackle problems once reserved for experts is an indicator discipline maturity. Numerous System Systems Engineering (SoSE) have been developed trialed across the globe, however they vary considerably depending on SoS problem be addressed its system context. Variability arises from many context aspects such as fundamental type interest (virtual through directed), scale...

Abstract The INCOSE Model‐Based Conceptual Design (MBCD) Working Group was established in 2011 with the purpose of advancing body knowledge and practice systems engineering (SE), through development application model‐based (MBSE) methodologies to concept stage a system's life‐cycle. strives achieve its vision series activities conducted by members working group. One these conduct survey people involved MBCD, goal: To identify issues associated performing areas where MBCD has been successful....

Abstract In this paper we present a Bayesian belief network (BBN) socio-technical model for investigating the accident rate multi-crew civil airline aircraft. The emphasises influence of policy and societal behaviour patterns on pilots within piloting system. main claim is that BBN can be used to bring most aviation safety-critical elements into common quantitative safety assessment despite unique problems posed by very low probability accidents. We support replicating certain phenomena such...

The evolvability of a software artifact is its capacity for producing heritable or reusable variants; the inverse quality artifact's inertia resistance to evolutionary change. Evolvability in systems may arise from engineering and/or self-organising processes. We describe our 'conditional growth' simulation model evolution and show how it can be used investigate self-organisation perspective. derived Bak-Sneppen family 'self-organised criticality' simulations. It shows good qualitative...

Abstract In this paper we examine the term “Systems of Systems” (SoS) and form a distinction between them large monolithic systems based on system attributes acquisition approaches. Importantly, for paper, one distinguishing is that SoS are formed from component acquired using multiple asynchronous projects. We raise issue current stovepiped, project‐centric, prescriptive paradigm not well suited to military systems. The proceeds identify more detailed issues need be addressed improve...