We report here initial results that demonstrate cellulose can be dissolved without activation or pretreatment in, and regenerated from, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride other hydrophilic ionic liquids. This may enable the application of liquids as alternatives to environmentally undesirable solvents currently used for dissolution this important bioresource.

Air- and water-stable 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate salts with the general formula [Cn-mim][BF4] (n = 0–18) have been prepared by metathesis from corresponding chloride or bromide salts. The characterised 1H NMR IR spectroscopy, microanalysis, polarising optical microscopy differential scanning calorimetry. Those short alkyl chains 2–10) are isotropic ionic liquids at room temperature exhibit a wide liquid range, whereas longer chain analogues low melting mesomorphic...

Hydrophilic ionic liquids can be salted-out and concentrated from aqueous solution upon addition of kosmotropic salts forming biphasic systems as illustrated by the phase behavior mixtures 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) K3PO4.

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium fluoride hydrate has been identified crystallographically as a decomposition product created during purification of the hydrophobic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. This highlights need to treat liquids much one would any other research chemical with potentially hazardous properties, unknown toxicity and/or stability, particularly when searching for 'green solvents'.

C. M. Gordon, J. D. Holbrey, A. R. Kennedy and K. Seddon, Mater. Chem., 1998, 8, 2627 DOI: 10.1039/A806169F

Organic solvents are widely used in a range of multiphase bioprocess operations including the liquid-liquid extraction antibiotics and two-phase biotransformation reactions. There are, however, considerable problems associated with safe handling these which relate to their toxic flammable nature. In this work we have shown for first time that room-temperature ionic liquids, such as 1-butyl-3-methylimi- dazolium hexafluorophosphate, [bmim][PF(6)], can be successfully place conventional...

New low-cost ionic liquids containing methyl- and ethyl-sulfate anions can be easily efficiently prepared under ambient conditions by the reaction of 1-alkylimidazoles with dimethyl sulfate diethyl sulfate. The preparation characterization a series 1,3-dialkylimidazolium alkyl 1,2,3-trialkylimidazolium salts are reported. 1,3-Dialkylimidazolium at least one non-methyl N-alkyl substituent at, or below room, temperature. Three were crystalline room temperature, single crystal X-ray structure...

The model room temperature ionic liquid, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride, has been studied by neutron diffraction for the first time. data are used to derive a structural of this liquid using Empirical Potential Structure Refinement. obtained indicates that significant charge ordering is present in salt and local order closely resembles found solid state. As crystal structure, hydrogen-bonding interactions between ring hydrogens chloride dominate structure. compared with reported previously...

Heck coupling of aryl halides or benzoic anhydride with alkenes can be performed excellent yields in room-temperature ionic liquids, which provide a medium that dissolves the palladium catalyst and allows product byproducts to easily separated. Consequently, liquid recycled reused.

A series of long-chain 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium salts ([Cn−mim]X, n = 12−18) containing the anions, chloride, bromide, trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf), and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFI), have been synthesized characterized. The amphiphilic characteristics, thermotropic phase behavior these analogous tetrafluoroborate salt has investigated by variable temperature small-angle X-ray scattering, polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry. form lamellar,...

1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium containing ionic liquids with hexafluorophosphate, bis(trifyl)imide, tetrafluoroborate, and chloride anions form liquid clathrates when mixed aromatic hydrocarbons; in the system 1,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate-benzene, solute could be trapped solid state forming a crystalline 2:1 inclusion compound.

The potential for performing cellulase-catalyzed reactions on cellulose dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl) has been investigated. We have carried out a systematic study the irreversible solvent and ionic strength-induced inactivation unfolding of cellulase from Trichoderma reesei (E.C. #3.2.1.4). Experiments, varying both IL concentrations, indicated that [bmim]Cl, several other ILs, as well dimethylacetamide–LiCl (a well-known system cellulose), inactivate under...

The non-flammability of ionic liquids (ILs) is often highlighted as a safety advantage ILs over volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but the fact that many are not flammable themselves does mean they safe to use near fire and/or heat sources; large group (including commercially available ILs) combustible due nature their positive heats formation, oxygen content, and decomposition products.

The presence of local anisotropy in the bulk, isotropic, and ionic liquid phases—leading to mesoscopic inhomogeneity—with nanoscale segregation expanding nonpolar domains on increasing length cation alkyl-substituents has been proposed basis molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However, there little conclusive experimental evidence for existence intermediate structure between first/second shell correlations shown by neutron scattering short chain based materials mesophase long crystals....

Crystallization of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride from mixed ionic liquid or liquid–aromatic solution, and the melt yields different crystalline polymorphs, first direct evidence for inhibition crystallization in liquids by polymorphism.

A new class of low-melting N,N'-dialkylimidazolium salts has been prepared with carborane counterions, some the most inert and least nucleophilic anions presently known. The cations have systematically varied combinations 1-ethyl-3-methyl- (EMIM+), 1-octyl-3-methyl- (OMIM+), 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl- (EDMIM+), 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl- (BDMIM+) imidazolium CB11H12-, CB11H6Cl6-, CB11H6Br6- to elucidate factors which affect their melting points. From trends in points, range from 156 °C down 45 °C, it...

A new method for introducing enzymes into cellulosic matrixes which can be formed membranes, films, or beads has been developed using a cellulose-in-ionic-liquid dissolution and regeneration process. Initial results on the formation of thin cellulose films incorporating dispersed laccase indicate that active enzyme-encapsulated prepared this methodology precoating enzyme with second, hydrophobic ionic liquid prior to dispersion in cellulose/ionic solution provide an increase activity...

1,3-Dimethylimidazolium-2-carboxylate is formed in good yield, rather than the anticipated organic salt, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl carbonate, as reaction product resulting from both N-alkylation and C-carboxylation of 1-methylimidazole with dimethyl carbonate; crystal structure zwitterion exhibits pi-stacked rings two-dimensional sheets constructed by hydrogen-bonds imidazolium-ring hydrogens to carboxylate group.

Crystal structures of two examples an important class ionic liquids, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium and 1,2,3-triethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The anion in the example (mp 22 degrees C), adopts unusual cis-geometry constrained bifurcated cation-anion C-H. . .O hydrogen-bonds from imidazolium cation to resulting formation fluorous layers within solid-state structure. In contrast, salt 57 ions are discretely packed...

Solvent extraction of cesium ions from aqueous solution to hydrophobic ionic liquids without the introduction an organophilic anion in phase was demonstrated using calix[4]arene-bis(tert-octylbenzo-crown-6) (BOBCalixC6) as extractant. The selectivity this process toward and use a sacrificial cation exchanger (NaBPh(4)) control loss imidazolium solutions by ion exchange have been investigated.

The room temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [C4mim][PF6] was found to be an efficient plasticizer for poly(methyl methacrylate), prepared by in situ radical polymerization the liquid medium; polymers have physical characteristics comparable with those containing traditional plasticizers and retain greater thermal stability.

Extraction of dibenzothiophene from dodecane using ionic liquids as the extracting phase has been investigated for a range with varying cation classes (imidazolium, pyridinium, and pyrrolidinium) anion types liquid–liquid partition studies QSPR (quantitative structure–activity relationship) analysis. The ratio to showed clear variation class (dimethylpyridinium > methylpyridinium pyridinium ≈ imidazolium pyrrolidinium), much less significant type. Polyaromatic quinolinium-based even greater...

Simulations of beta-glucose in the ionic liquid 1,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride have been performed order to examine solvation environment carbohydrate. Both single molecule and 1:5 glucose:ionic (16.7 wt %) solutions are studied, hydrogen bonding between sugar solvent is examined. The primary shell around perimeter glucose ring consists predominantly anions which bond hydroxyl groups. A small presence cation also found, with association occurring through weakly acidic at 2-position...