Percent recognition of phonemes and whole syllables, measured in both consonant–vowel–consonant (CVC) words CVC nonsense is reported for normal young adults listening at four signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. Similar data are the sentences three types sentence: high predictability (HP) sentences, with semantic syntactic constraints; low (LP) primarily zero (ZP) neither nor constraints. The probability speech units context (pc) shown to be related without (pi) by equation pc=1−(1−pi)k, where k a...

Adult listeners are able to recognize speech even under conditions of severe spectral degradation. To assess the developmental time course this robust pattern recognition, recognition was measured in two groups children (5–7 and 10–12 years age) as a function degree resolution. Results were compared performance adults listening same materials conditions. The detail systematically manipulated using noise-band vocoder which filtered noise bands modulated by amplitude envelope from speech....

Perception is influenced both by characteristics of the stimulus, and context in which it presented. The relative contributions each these factors depend, to some extent, on perceiver characteristics. word sentence perception phonemes within words sentences, respectively, have been well studied for normal, young adults. However, far less known about effects much younger older listeners. In present study, measures were obtained from children (ages 4 years 6 months months) adults (over 62...

The goal of these studies was to find out how much the acoustical information in amplified speech is accessible children with varying degrees sensorineural hearing loss. Context-varying, forced-choice tests perception were presented, without feedback on performance, orally trained subjects better ear, three-frequency average losses range 55-123 dB HL. As expected, performance fell increasing values loss at which scores 50% (after correction for chance) 75 HL consonant place; 85 initial...

A model is developed for an IGFET operating in saturation and accounting the two-dimensional potential distribution section of surface space-charge region adjacent to drain. This treated as a volume obeying Gauss's law, thereby enabling charge contained it be related integral electric displacement density normal its without need consider detailed inside. The resulting shows, explicitly, dependence device output characteristics on applied potentials, geometric processing parameters. It also...

(1968). Developments in Speech Audiometry. British Journal of Audiology: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 3-10.

The acoustic change complex (ACC) is a scalp-recorded negative–positive voltage swing elicited by during an otherwise steady-state sound. ACC was obtained from eight adults in response to changes of amplitude and/or spectral envelope at the temporal center three-formant synthetic vowel lasting 800 ms. In absence change, group mean waveforms showed clear increments 2 dB or more and decrements 3 more. presence second formant frequency (from perceived /u/ /i/), increased magnitude but had...

To investigate whether the evoked potential to a complex naturally produced speech syllable could be decomposed reflect contributions of acoustic events contained in constituent phonemes.Auditory cortical potentials N1 and P2 were obtained eight adults with normal hearing. Three stimuli used: 1) [sei]; 2) sibilant [s], extracted from syllable; 3) vowel [ei] syllable. The isolated preserved same time relationships sampling window as they did complete Evoked collected at Fz, Cz, Pz, A1, A2,...

1) To determine whether the N1-P2 acoustic change complex is elicited by a of periodicity in middle an ongoing stimulus, absence changes spectral envelope or rms intensity. 2) compare with mismatch negativity same stimuli terms amplitude and signal to noise ratio.The signals used this study were tonal band having For elicitation complex, concatenated produce two that changed (noise-tone, tone-noise). Two control created concatenating copies tone (noise-only, tone-only). The presented using...

A mathematical analysis is developed that relates to scores obtained in discrimination tests using consonant-vowel-consonant words. Account taken of the fact recognition a speech sound depends on “intrinsic” and “contextual” factors. The intrinsic factors are acoustical properties its probability occurrence. Two contextual introduced: “second-order” factor, including acoustic influences adjacent sounds second order phoneme probabilities, “vocabulary” factor. theory applied results given two...

Objective: To provide guidelines for the development of two types closed-set speech-perception tests that can be applied and interpreted in same way across languages. The cover digit triplet matrix sentence are most commonly used to test speech recognition noise. They were developed by a working group on Multilingual Speech Tests International Collegium Rehabilitative Audiology (ICRA). Design: recommendations based reviews existing evaluations as well research experience members ICRA Working...

The acoustic speech signal received by a listener is function of the source, distance, early reverberation, late and noise. Specifically, it depends on audibility index, which defined here as proportion combined direct reverberation (also known reflections) that audible in spite effects noise reverberation. index increases from 0 to 100% effective signal-to-noise ratio -15 +15 dB. Both ambient need be low maintain at an optimal level. can used predict various measures perception, but results...

Recognition of words in conversational sentences known topic was measured nine normally hearing subjects by speechreading alone and supplemented with auditory presentation the output an electroglottograph. Mean word recognition probability rose from 30% to 77% addition acoustic signal. When this signal filtered remove possible high-frequency spectral cues, score fell, but only a marginally significant 7 percentage points, supporting conclusion that voice fundamental frequency principal...

Changed hearing occurs when sensorineural loss is acquired or increases, aids cochlear implants are first acquired, reprogrammed, and remapped. The changes affect speech perception—a process in which decisions about a talker's language output made on the basis of sensory contextual evidence, using knowledge skill. importance spoken communication dictates speedy optimal adaptation to changed hearing. Adaptation individual acquires new modifies Formal training provides listener with...

Research into vibrotactile sensations at the ear is complicated by problem of distinguishing them from auditory sensations. Normal hearing subjects may have difficulty in dissociating two while profoundly deaf never experienced an sensation. Ths paper describes experiments with unilaterally subjects. It was found that they could consistently distinguish between and therefore give a measure threshold. The results indicated responses are very probable when testing standard clinical audiometer,...

An analogy relating the impedance functions of linear networks lumped elements to potential distribution and current flow in a uniform sheet conducting material, set up by point electrodes, has been described Daniell. Electrolytic tank computors, based on this analogy, have used hitherto purely for measurement steady-state response characteristics such networks, from knowledge poles zeroes their functions. A simple form electrolytic its application allied measurements, including that...

Objectives: To determine the effects of changing from a prescribed to generic starting response on self-fitting outcome and behavior before after brief field experience. Method: Twenty adult hearing-aid users with mild-to-moderate hearing loss used smartphone interface adjust level spectral tilt output wearable master aid while listening prerecorded speech, presented at 65 dB SPL, in quiet. A was based participant’s own audiogram. an audiogram for typical same all participants. Initial...

The recognition of phonemes in consonant-vowel-consonant words, presented speech-shaped random noise, was measured as a function signal to noise ratio (S/N) 10 normally hearing adults and successful adult users the Nucleus cochlear implant. Optimal scores (measured at S/N +25 dB) were 98% for average normal subject 42% implantee. Phoneme threshold defined which phoneme score fell 50% its optimal value. This −2 dB +9 Application digital suppression algorithm (INTEL) mixed speech plus had no...

A circuit-level MOSFET model is presented which based on the representation of current transport in a sheet channel terms surface potential conditions at source and drain boundaries. It established that solutions can be obtained by iterative means with negligible computing time penalty. The scalable results continuous device characteristics under all operating conditions. High accuracy demonstrated over wide range geometries terminal voltages. features scalability, continuity, high are...