Simultaneous modification of the dye and redox shuttle boosts efficiency a dye-sensitized solar cell.

Co-sensitization of two or more dyes with complementary absorption spectra on a semiconductor film is an effective approach to enhance the performance dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Porphyrin sensitizer YD2-oC8 showed outstanding photovoltaic co-sensitized organic dye cover entire visible spectral region, 400–700 nm. To promote light-harvesting capability beyond 700 nm, porphyrin dimer (YDD6) was synthesized for system. We report systematic engineering molecular co-sensitization TiO2...

Abstract In recent years, hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention owing to their low cost, easy fabrication, and high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Nevertheless, solution‐processed films usually show substantial structural disorders, resulting in ion defects on the surface of lattice grain boundaries. Herein, a series D–π–A porphyrins coded as CS0 , CS1 CS2 that can effectively passivate surface, increase V OC FF, reduce hysteresis effect, enhance power...

Three alkoxy-wrapped push–pull porphyrins were designed and synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. Spectral, electrochemical, photovoltaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy properties of these porphyrin sensitizers well investigated to provide evidence the molecular design.

Size estimation is particularly important for populations whose members experience disproportionate health issues or pose elevated risks to the ambient social structures in which they are embedded. Efforts derive size estimates often frustrated when population hidden hard-to-reach ways that preclude conventional survey strategies, as case stigma associated with group membership involved illegal activities. This paper extends prior research on problem of network estimation, building...

A series of zinc porphyrin dyes YD22–YD28 were synthesized and used for dye-sensitized solar cells. Dyes YD26–YD28 consist (ZnP) as core unit, arylamine (Am) electron-donating group, p-ethynylbenzoic acid (EBA) an electron-withdrawing/-anchoring group. The YD22–YD25 contain additional phenylethynylene group (PE) bridged between Am ZnP units. influence the PE unit on molecular properties well photovoltaic performances investigated via photophysical electrochemical studies density functional...

This paper introduces a novel approach for identifying dynamic triadic transformation processes, applied to five networks: three undirected and two directed. Our method significantly enhances the prediction accuracy of network ties. While balance theory offers insights into evolving patterns structures, its effects on overall dynamics remain underexplored. Existing research often neglects interaction between micro-level balancing mechanisms behavior. To bridge this gap, we develop detecting...

Abstract Cooperation is a fundamental aspect of social and biological systems, yet achieving maintaining high levels cooperation remains significant challenge. This study investigates the dynamics among players engaged in repeated two-player Prisoner's Dilemma games, utilizing novel integration Bush-Mosteller reinforcement learning model with adaptive network rewiring mechanisms. Each player updates its probability rewires connections based on payoffs received from neighbors. Our results...

The effects of the 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) additive in electrolyte on photovoltaic performance two push–pull porphyrin sensitizers (YD12 and YD12CN) were examined. Addition TBP significantly increased open-circuit voltage (VOC) for YD12 (from 550 to 729 mV) but it was a lesser extent YD12CN 544 636 mV); adding also had effect reducing short-circuit current density (JSC) slightly 17.65 17.19 mA cm−2) led significant reduction 16.45 9.78 cm−2). resulting power conversion efficiencies...

Motion is a typical reaction among animals and humans trying to reach better conditions in changing world. This aspect has been studied intensively social dilemmas where competing players’ individual collective interests are conflict. Starting from the traditional public goods game model, players locally fixed unconditional cooperators or defectors present, we introduce two additional strategies through which agents can change their positions of dependence on local cooperation level. More...

Focusing on health professionals' tweets regarding COVID-19, this study examines whether and how those are unique based their identity as experts. The data revealed that the infusion of communication with political opinions, pro- or against certain parties policies, reflects values may deviate from original purpose communication. In addition, sentiment analysis countered intuitive thought experts merely fulfill role neutral encyclopedias without excessively carrying sentiment. We conclude by...

Crystalline zinc tin oxide (ZTO; with heavy doping of 33 at.%) nanowires were first synthesized using the electrodeposition and heat treatment method based on an anodic aluminum (AAO) membrane, which has average diameter about 60 nm. According to field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) results, ZTO are highly ordered have high wire packing densities. The length is 4 μm, aspect ratio around 67. a Zn/(Zn + Sn) atomic 0.67 (approximately 2/3) observed from energy dispersive...

We study a model for switching strategies in the Prisoner's Dilemma game on adaptive networks of player pairings that coevolve as players attempt to maximize their return. use node-based strategy wherein each follows one at time (cooperate or defect) across all its neighbors, changing and possibly partners response local changes network pairing used by connected partners. compare contrast numerical simulations with existing pair approximation differential equations describing this system,...

Even though transitivity is a central structural feature of social networks, its influence on epidemic spread coevolving networks has remained relatively unexplored. Here we introduce and study an adaptive susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model wherein the infection network coevolve with nontrivial probability to close triangles during edge rewiring, leading substantial reinforcement transitivity. This provides opportunity role in altering SIS dynamics network. Using numerical...

Abstract A decanickel extended metal atom chain (EMAC) complex with a new pyridyl‐ and naphthyridyl‐modulated ligand (H 4 bdpdany) was synthesized. Analysis of the crystal structure [Ni 10 (μ ‐bdpdany) (NCS) 2 ](PF 6 ) ( 1 shows that all bdpdany 4– ligands bind in an all‐ syn conformation, structural data reveals short Ni ··· distances range 2.36–2.23 Å. Temperature‐dependent magnetic measurements performed on two independent high‐spin nickel(II) ions demonstrate is antiferromagnetic. The...

A defective extended cobalt atom chain complex has been synthesized and the magnetism conductance are studied. The formation electron transporting pathway of EMACs investigated.

One of the fundamental structural properties many networks is triangle closure. Whereas influence this transitivity on a variety contagion dynamics has been previously explored, existing models coevolving or adaptive network systems typically use rewiring rules that randomize away important property, raising questions about their applicability. In contrast, we study here modified voter model explicitly reinforces and maintains such clustering. Carrying out numerical simulations for parameter...

In a social dilemma situation, where individual and collective interests are in conflict, it sounds reasonable assumption that the presence of super or smart players, who simultaneously punish defection reward cooperation without allowing exploitation, could solve basic problem. The behavior such multi-strategy system, however, is more subtle than firstly anticipated. When exploring complete parameter space, we find emergence cyclic dominance among strategies rather common, which results...