Computation offloading tends to be an effective way for mitigating computing pressure of user equipments (UEs). By computation offloading, the task can handled in network edge and/or cloud center compensate insufficient resources and capabilities UEs. In this study, we construct a three-tier cloud-edge integration network, where tasks are offloaded satellite based server further remote ground via backhaul links. The optimization problem is modeled minimizing system energy consumption...

Scientific reasoning, the process through which humans apply logic, evidence, and critical thinking to explore interpret scientific phenomena, is essential in advancing knowledge reasoning across diverse fields. However, despite significant progress, current models still struggle with generalization domains often fall short of multimodal perception. Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), integrate text, images, other modalities, present an exciting opportunity overcome these limitations...

In high-capacity and short-reach applications, double-sideband self-coherent detection (DSB-SCD) has garnered significant attention due to its ability recover optical fields of DSB signals without requiring a local oscillator. However, DSB-SCD is fundamentally constrained by the non-ideal receiver transfer function, necessitating guard band between carrier signal. While conventional twin-single-sideband (twin-SSB) modulation scheme addresses this requirement, it incurs substantial...

This paper aims to mitigate multipath interference (MPI) in intensity modulation with direct detection (IM-DD) systems using machine learning techniques, specifically for four-level pulse amplitude (PAM4) systems. We propose a learning-assisted MPI mitigation scheme, called KNN-aided SVM+RF-M. In this SVM serves as soft decision algorithm that adapts the threshold signal fluctuations, improving accuracy MPI-affected PAM4 signals. By replacing original hard RF-M SVM, we error transfer problem...

In this paper, we have proposed a filter-assisted self-coherent detection (FASCD) scheme that reconstructs the optical field of dual-polarization complex-valued double-sideband (DP-CV-DSB) signal. At receiver, carrier is extracted using an bandpass filter (OBPF), and pair orthogonal carriers constructed to achieve polarization-division multiplexing (PDM) by Faraday rotator mirror (FRM). To address issue polarization crosstalk, channel estimation performed least squares (LS) method, results...

The intra- and inter-data center links face continuously increasing pressure on the transmission capacity while having to meet strict constraints in cost power consumption. For such cost-sensitive data applications, self-homodyne coherent (SHC) system as a promising solution has attracted attention. In this article, influence of phase noise (PN) for SHC is thoroughly analyzed by studying PN probability distribution characteristic bit-error rate (BER) performance theory. correctness theorical...

With the blossom of Internet Things (IoT) technology, big data volumes raised by large number IoT devices have posed great burden on communication and computing network. Considering advantages reflecting intelligent surface (RIS), mobile edge (MEC), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), this article proposes a flying-RIS-assisted MEC system to assist offloading services alleviate ground computation in IoT. The UAV equipped with RIS is dispatched fly over specific area ground's mission server...

Polarization-division-multiplexed (PDM) four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) with coherent detection is a promising low cost solution for 80 km inter-datacenter transmissions at 100 Gb/s and beyond. In this paper, three modified adaptive equalization algorithms the PDM-PAM4 optical systems, i.e. signal-phase aid least-mean-square (SP-LMS) algorithm, training multi-modulus algorithm (TMMA) cascaded four-modulus (CMMA-4), are proposed compared. Based on algorithms, 112 transmission...

Mobile-edge computing (MEC) as a promising technology enables it to satisfy ever-increasing demands for low-latency and ultrareliable services. However, due the limitations of capability dynamic network environment, is challenging process massive data with low latency. In this article, we consider MEC high-performance edge server, multiple time-varying channels, mobile devices. We aim find policy that can maximize processing success rate computational tasks fairness index system while...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are gaining increasing attention in many fields, such as military, logistics, and hazardous site mapping. Utilizing UAVs to assist communications is one of the promising applications research directions. The future Industrial Internet places higher demands on communication quality. easy deployment, dynamic mobility, low cost make them a viable tool for wireless Internet. Therefore, considered an integral part Industry 4.0. In this article, three typical use...

Recently, high-speed optical transmission using single-side-band (SSB) modulation with Kramers-Kronig (KK) scheme has gained great attention due to its high spectral efficiency (SE) and capability of electronic chromatic dispersion compensation (CDC), which can be widely employed in metro networks as a promising scheme. To our knowledge, the carrier-signal power ratio (CSPR) is key parameter SSB-based systems optimum CSPRs vary distinctly different SSB schemes. In this paper, KK four kinds...

Inter symbol interference (ISI) degrades the performance of intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) transmission systems due to various transceiver channel impairments. To overcome ISI IM/DD systems, faster than Nyquist (DDFTN) algorithm has been widely used. However, when a system is subjected severe ISI, conventional DDFTN suboptimal. further improve modified proposed. We add least squares (LS) estimation after postfilter. The coefficients maximum likelihood sequence (MLSE) are...

Compared with centralized cloud computing, mobile edge computing (MEC) enables Internet of Things (IoT) devices to offload computation-intensive tasks the network closer them for processing, which can effectively save energy consumption IoT and alleviate congestion high latency problems. However, traditional terrestrial MEC system cannot adapt scenarios such as rapid recovery after disasters emergency rescue due its poor flexibility deployment cost, assembling servers unmanned aerial...

Carrier-assisted differential detection (CADD) is a promising solution for high-capacity and cost-sensitive short-reach application scenarios, in which the optical field of complex-valued double-sideband (CV-DSB) signal reconstructed without using local oscillator laser. In this work, we propose polarization division multiplexed asymmetric twin single-sideband CADD (PDM-ATSSB CADD) scheme to realize recovery PDM CV-DSB signals. The fading solved by pair bandpass filters (OBPFs) suppress...

Mobile edge computing (MEC) has attracted widespread attention due to its ability effectively alleviate the cloud load and significantly reduce latency. However, potential eavesdroppers challenge security of MEC systems rapid development artificial intelligence (AI) made this situation more severe. In most existing studies, are non-intelligent it is assumed that they fixed or move in a simple manner. Obviously, there gap from such an assumption real conditions eavesdropping unmanned aerial...

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrated 56Gbit/s PAM4 signal optical amplifierless transmissions over a record distance 60km using 25Gbps EML and APD. Compared to PD-based receiver, improvements of 7dB 50% in terms receiver sensitivity transmission were achieved.

The Self-Homodyne Coherent (SHC) is a promising solution for inter- or intra datacenter application in future. We proposed carrier-pilot-assist (CPA) method to estimate mismatch length, which provides guidance alleviating phase noise of SHC system. This robust and independent performance DSP algorithm IQ imbalance impairment.

In this paper, a polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on the gold wire-filled dual-core photonic crystal fiber is proposed. The full-vector finite element method used to investigate influences of structure parameters transmission characteristics and coupling length. By appropriately adjusting parameters, length ratio 2:1 can be achieved at wavelengths 1.55 1.31 μm, so incident light well separated into two beams with orthogonal states. When 805.3 maximum extinction (ER) within bandwidth 60...