This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures (nanowires, nanoribbons, nanotubes, nanobelts, and nanofibers) π-conjugated small molecules, oligomers, polymers. The diverse methods used in assembling molecular building blocks into 1D functional nanodevices are discussed, including hard soft template-assisted synthesis, electrospinning, nanolithography, self-assembly solution at interfaces, physical vapor transport, other strategies....

Poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT) nanowires, prepared by solution-phase self-assembly, have been used to construct highly efficient P3BT/fullerene nanocomposite solar cells. The fullerene/P3BT films showed an electrically bicontinuous nanoscale morphology with average field-effect hole mobilities as high 8.0 x 10(-3) cm2/Vs due the interconnected P3BT nanowire network revealed TEM and AFM imaging. power conversion efficiency of devices was 3.0% (at 100 mW/cm2, AM1.5) in air found be identical...

High-performance ambipolar transistors and inverters are demonstrated using a new donor–acceptor copolymer semiconductor. The show electron hole mobilities of up to 0.04 0.003 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. Voltage transfer curves the made on common gold electrodes showed sharp switching with gain 30. Detailed facts importance specialist readers published as "Supporting Information". Such documents peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They available submitted by authors. Please note:...

Our results indicate that a well-designed simple post-processing process can boost the efficiency of thermoelectric power generators made conjugated polymer thin films.

A series of nine alternating donor–acceptor copolymer semiconductors based on naphthalene diimide (NDI) acceptor and seven different thiophene moieties with varied electron-donating strength conformations has been synthesized, characterized, used in n-channel ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The NDI copolymers had moderate to high molecular weights, most them exhibited crystallinity thin films fibers. LUMO energy levels the copolymers, at −3.9 −3.8 eV, were constant as...

Abstract High power conversion efficiency (PCE), long‐term stability, and mechanical robustness are prerequisites for the commercial applications of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, a new star‐shaped trimer acceptor (TYT‐S) is developed high‐performance OSCs with PCE 19.0%, high photo‐stability ( t 80% lifetime = 2600 h under 1‐sun illumination), crack‐onset strain (COS) 21.6% achieved. The isotropic molecular structure TYT‐S affords efficient multi‐directional charge transport...

The synthesis and characterization of two new thiophene copolymers with backbone phthalimide units is reported. Thin-film optical wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements indicate extended electronic conjugation close intermolecular pi-stacking for both polymers. Ambient carrier mobility thin-film transistors prepared from these polymers as high 0.28 cm(2)/(V s) an on/off ratio greater than 10(5).

Abstract New thiazolothiazole‐dithienosilole copolymer semiconductors bearing side chains of different type, size, and topology were synthesized used to demonstrate the influence on morphology, charge transport photovoltaic properties. The field effect mobility holes varied from 0.01‐0.03 cm 2 V −1 s in PSOTT PSEHTT 0.12 PSOxTT. average power conversion efficiency solar cells under 1.0 sun illumination could be 2.1% PSOxTT 4.1% 5.0% PSEHTT. highest achieved PSEHTT, that has all‐branched...

We report the synthesis, characterization, solution-phase assembly of nanowires, field-effect charge transport, and photovoltaic properties regioregular poly(3-pentylthiophene) (P3PT), first poly(3-alkylthiophene) with an odd-numbered alkyl side chain length to be so investigated. Two samples P3PT weight-average molecular weights 61 800 77 000 1.4−1.5 polydispersity index have comparable solubility processability in organic solvents as poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) but a higher melting...

A homologous series of six novel oligothiophene–naphthalene diimide-based oligomer semiconductors with a donor–acceptor architecture, NDI-nTH (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) and NDI-nT 3), was synthesized used to explore set criteria for the design non-fullerene electron acceptor materials organic solar cells. Thin films had optical band gaps that varied from 2.1 eV in NDI-1TH 1.6 NDI-3TH 1.4 NDI-4TH, demonstrating good potential light harvesting exciton generation. The LUMO energy levels were similar (ca....

We report studies of bulk heterojunction solar cells composed self-assembled poly(3-butylthiophene) nanowires (P3BT-nw) as the donor component with a fullerene acceptor. show that nanostructure these devices is single most important variable determining their performance, and we use combination solvent thermal annealing to control it. A conductive photoconductive atomic force microscopy provides direct connections between local overall device performance. Films dense random web cause...

11-Ring heterocyclic diimides were synthesized and found to be planar exhibit a slipped face-to-face π stacking. Variation of the substituents tunes electronic structure properties. In n-channel organic field-effect transistors, new semiconductors have high electron mobility. When they used as acceptor material in polymer solar cells, power conversion efficiency 1.8 % was obtained. As service our authors readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by authors. Such...

Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on blends of regioregular poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) were created by in situ self-assembly P3BT nanowires the morphology photovoltaic properties investigated as a function blend composition. Transmission electron microscopy imaging revealed an interconnected network 11−15 nm width 5−10 μm length amorphous continuous PC61BM phase. The photocurrent density, fill factor, power conversion efficiency...

Synergic effects of conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, and graphene result in the enhanced thermoelectric properties nanocomposites.

High-mobility p-type and ambipolar conjugated polymers have been widely reported. However, high-mobility n-type are still rare. Herein we present poly(tetraazabenzodifluoranthene diimide)s, PBFI-T PBFI-BT, which exhibit a novel two-dimensional (2D) π-conjugation along the main chain in lateral direction, leading to unipolar n-channel transport field-effect transistors. The electron mobilities of up 0.30 cm(2)/(V s), is among highest values for polymers. Complementary inverters incorporating...

Mechanical properties of conducting polymers are an essential consideration in the design flexible and stretchable electronics, but guidelines for material having both high mechanical electrical remain limited. Here we provide important guideline mechanically robust, electroactive polymer thin films terms molecular weight polymers. These studies based on a highly efficient, representative n-type conjugated (P(NDI2OD-T2)) revealed marked enhancement across narrow range, highlighting existence...

A series of 11 organometallic conjugated polymer semiconductors bearing a platinum (Pt) center have been synthesized and their electronic band structures, field-effect charge transport, use in bulk heterojunction solar cells were evaluated. The Pt-bridged donor−acceptor poly(aryleneethynylene)s by Sonogashira-type polycondensation are exemplified poly[4-(5′-trans-bis(tributylphosphine)platinum ethynyl-thiophen-2′-yl)-7-(5′′-ethynyl-thiophen-2′′-yl)-benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole] (BT-BTPt),...

Three new donor−acceptor conjugated polymers incorporating thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) acceptor and dialkoxybithiophene or cyclopentadithiophene units as donor have been synthesized explored in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The TPD-containing had optical band gaps of 1.50−1.70 eV HOMO levels −4.85 to −5.26 eV. highly electron-rich character P1 P2 destabilizes their HOMOs which significantly affects the photovoltaic efficiency....

Abstract Designing polymers that facilitate exciton dissociation and charge transport is critical for the production of highly efficient all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Here, development a new class high‐performance naphthalenediimide (NDI)‐based with large dipole moment change (Δ µ ge ) delocalized lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) as electron acceptors all‐PSCs reported. A series NDI‐based copolymers incorporating electron‐withdrawing cyanovinylene groups into backbone...

Abstract Flexible and mechanically robust gas sensors are the key technologies for wearable implantable electronics. Herein, authors demonstrate high‐performance, flexible nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) chemiresistors using a series of n‐type conjugated polymers (CPs: PNDIT2/IM‐ x polymer dopant (poly(ethyleneimine), PEI). Imine double bonds (C = N) incorporated into backbones CPs with different imine contents ( to facilitate strong selective interactions NO . The PEI provides doping stability,...

Five conjugated pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine-based donor−acceptor copolymers were synthesized by Suzuki and Stille coupling polymerizations, their photophysical electrochemical properties field-effect carrier mobilities characterized. The copolymer semiconductors include poly(pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine-alt-9,9-dioctyl-2,7-fluorene) (PPPzF), poly(thiophene-2,5-diyl-alt-2,3-diheptyl-pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,8-diyl) (PTHPPz), poly(thiophene-2,5-diyl-alt-2,3-didecyl-pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,8-diyl) (PTDPPz),...

Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on blends of the new low band gap donor–acceptor copolymer, poly(N-(dodecyl)-3,6-bis(4-dodecyloxythiophen-2-yl)phthalimide) (PhBT12), and fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) or [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric (PC71BM) were systematically investigated. The PhBT12/fullerene blend films found to exhibit a crystalline nanoscale morphology with space-charge-limited mobility holes as high 4.0 × 10−4 cm2/Vs without thermal...

Six new donor–acceptor copolymers based on benzobisthiazole and various donor moieties (dithienosilole, dithienopyrrole, cyclopentadithiophene, carbazole, benzodithiophene, bithiophene) were synthesized, characterized, used in field-effect transistors solar cells. The series of polybenzobisthiazoles with architecture have optical band gaps 1.83–2.18 eV, identical LUMO energy levels (∼−3.3 eV), a HOMO level that varied from −4.79 eV PBTDTP to −5.71 PBTHDDT. X-ray diffraction the...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication the EditorNEXTBenzobisthiazole−Thiophene Copolymer Semiconductors: Synthesis, Enhanced Stability, Field-Effect Transistors, and Efficient Solar CellsEilaf Ahmed, Felix S. Kim, Hao Xin, Samson A. Jenekhe*View Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering Chemistry, University Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2009, 42, 22,...

We identify and characterize the mesoscale morphology of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) fibers crystallized through colloidal self-assembly in various aromatic solvents. The network structure P3HT is evaluated situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) ultra (USANS) experiments by electron microscopy. Through model fitting to data, we are able determine that forms structures solution prior deposition. directly obtain structural parameters such as fraction nanofiber form, cross-sectional fiber...