Abstract Multisensory neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) achieve their bimodal response properties [Shore (2005) Eur. J. Neurosci. , 21 3334–3348] by integrating auditory input via VIIIth nerve fibers with somatosensory axons of granule cells et al. (2000) Comp. Neurol. 419 271–285; Zhou & Shore (2004) Res. 78 901–907]. A unique feature multisensory is propensity for receiving cross‐modal compensation following sensory deprivation. Thus, we investigated possibility that...

The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is the first neural site of bimodal auditory-somatosensory integration. Previous studies have shown that stimulation somatosensory pathways results in immediate suppression or enhancement subsequent acoustically evoked discharges. In unimpaired auditory system predominates. However, damage to input pathway leads excitatory inputs nucleus, changing their effects on DCN neurons (Shore et al., 2008; Zeng 2009). Given well described connection between and...

Tinnitus and cochlear damage have been associated with changes in somatosensory-auditory integration plasticity the dorsal nucleus (DCN). Recently, we demonstrated vivo that DCN bimodal is stimulus timing-dependent, Hebbian anti-Hebbian timing rules reflect vitro spike timing-dependent plasticity. In this study, assessed dependence of a tinnitus model. Guinea pigs were exposed to narrowband noise produced temporary elevation auditory brainstem response thresholds. A total 60% guinea...

Central auditory circuits are influenced by the somatosensory system, a relationship that may underlie tinnitus generation. In guinea pig dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), pairing spinal trigeminal (Sp5) stimulation with tones at specific intervals and orders facilitated or suppressed subsequent tone-evoked neural responses, reflecting spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). Furthermore, after noise-induced tinnitus, bimodal responses in DCN were shifted from Hebbian to anti-Hebbian timing...

Abstract In addition to auditory inputs, dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) pyramidal cells in the guinea pig receive and respond somatosensory inputs perform multisensory integration. DCN sounds with characteristic spike‐timing patterns that are partially controlled by rapidly inactivating potassium conductances. Deactivating these conductances can modify both spike rate timing of responses sound. Somatosensory pathways known response rates subsequent acoustic stimuli, but their effect on is...

Multisensory neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) show long-lasting enhancement or suppression of sound-evoked responses when stimulated with combined somatosensory-auditory stimulation. By varying intervals between sound and somatosensory stimuli we for first time vivo that DCN bimodal are influenced by stimulus-timing dependent plasticity. The timing rules courses observed plasticity closely mimic those spike-timing have been demonstrated vitro at parallel-fiber synapses onto...

In the normal guinea pig, contralateral sound inhibits more than a third of ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) neurons but excites <4% these neurons. However, unilateral conductive hearing loss (CHL) and ablation (CA) result in major enhancement excitation. The response properties excitation produced by CHL CA are similar, suggesting similar pathways involved for both types loss. Here we used neurotoxin melittin to test hypothesis that this "compensatory" is mediated either direct glutamatergic...

Tinnitus has been associated with enhanced central gain manifested by increased spontaneous activity and sound-evoked firing rates of principal neurons at various stations the auditory pathway. Yet, mechanisms leading to these modifications are not well understood. In a recent in vivo study, we demonstrated that stimulus-timing-dependent bimodal plasticity mediates tone-evoked responses fusiform cells dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) guinea pig. Fusiform from sham animals showed primarily...

Abstract The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is an essential diagnostic indicator of overall cochlear health, used extensively in both basic research and clinical studies. A key quantification the ABR threshold, lowest sound level that elicits a response. Because morphology waveforms shift with stimulus signal-to-noise ratio low, threshold estimation not straightforward. Although several algorithmic approaches have been proposed, current standard practice remains visual evaluation as...

Background: Physicians often avoid discussing patients’ religious and spiritual concerns, even though most patients (i.e., 50-94%) want integrated care. To address this gap, medical students interviewed a Standardized Patient (SP) who was upset because the daughter did not confront her fiancée about converting to Orthodox Judaism. Students reflected on how their own religion spirituality affected engaging with patient.&#x0D; Methods: With 97% response rate, 231 first-year responded...

1. Jacob Adney, MD* 2. Seth Koehler, DO† 3. Lewis Tian, MD‡ 4. Joseph Maliakkal, MD§ 1. *Department of Pediatrics, St Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 2. †Southeast Primary Care, SoutheastHEALTH, Jackson, MO 3. ‡Department Psychiatry, MO 4. §Department Division Pediatric Nephrology, Cardinal Glennon MO A 9-year-old girl presents to her pediatrician with a headache that began on the day presentation. Blood pressure (BP) is measured at...