A5007316649- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Marine and environmental studies
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
- Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
- Marine and fisheries research
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Cephalopods and Marine Biology
- Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- International Student and Expatriate Challenges
- Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Ichthyology and Marine Biology
- Diverse Educational Innovations Studies
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- Marine and coastal plant biology
British Antarctic Survey
2015-2024
Natural Environment Research Council
2013-2024
University of Exeter
2023-2024
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
2023
Plymouth Marine Laboratory
2023
UiT The Arctic University of Norway
2009-2013
Parthenope University of Naples
2003-2007
National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics
2007
This study investigated the distribution of plastic debris from Atlantic portion Sub-Antarctic to Antarctic Peninsula. region is home some highest concentrations zooplankton biomass but also threatened by increasing shipping traffic fishing and growing tourism market. Samples were collected using a surface-towed neuston net during Austral summer 2018, aboard RRS James Clark Ross. Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry it was found that 45.6% particles isolated seawater samples...
The impact of anthropogenic ocean acidification (OA) on marine ecosystems is a vital concern facing scientists and managers resources. Euthecosomatous pteropods (holoplanktonic gastropods) represent an excellent sentinel for indicating exposure to OA because the sensitivity their aragonite shells conditions less favorable calcification. However, integration observations, experiments modelling efforts needed make accurate predictions how these organisms will respond future changes...
The dissolution of the delicate shells sea butterflies, or pteropods, has epitomised discussions regarding ecosystem vulnerability to ocean acidification over last decade. However, a recent demonstration that organic coating shell, periostracum, is effective in inhibiting suggests pteropod may not be as susceptible previously thought. Here we use micro-CT technology show how, despite losing entire thickness original shell localised areas, specimens polar species Limacina helicina maintain...
Plastic debris has been identified as a potential threat to Antarctic marine ecosystems, however, the impact of nanoplastics (<1 μm) is currently unexplored. krill (Euphausia superba) keystone species Southern Ocean pelagic which plays central role in food webs and carbon (C) cycle. Krill shown rapidly fragment microplastic beads through digestive system, releasing with unknown toxicological effects. Here we exposed juveniles carboxylic (COOH, anionic) amino- (NH2, cationic) polystyrene...
Abstract Antarctic krill play an important role in biogeochemical cycles and can potentially generate high-particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes to the deep ocean. They also have unusual trait of moulting continuously throughout their life-cycle. We determine seasonal contribution POC flux terms faecal pellets (FP), exuviae carcasses from sediment trap samples collected Southern Ocean. found that generated similar order FP, together accounting for 87% annual (22.8 g m −2 y −1 ). Using...
In the Southern Ocean, several zooplankton taxonomic groups, euphausiids, copepods, salps and pteropods, are notable because of their biomass abundance roles in maintaining food webs ecosystem structure function, including provision globally important services. These groups consumers microbes, primary secondary producers, prey for fishes, cephalopods, seabirds, marine mammals. providing link between production, higher trophic levels these taxa influence energy flows, biological production...
Microplastics (MP) have been reported in Southern Ocean (SO), where they are likely to encounter Antarctic zooplankton and enter pelagic food webs. Here we assess the presence of MP within krill ( Euphausia superba ) salps Salpa thompsoni quantify their abundance type by micro-Fourier transform infrared microscopy. were found both species, with fibres being more abundant than fragments (krill: 56.25% salps: 22.32% total MP). Polymer identification indicated originated from local distant...
Abstract Planktonic calcifying organisms play a key role in regulating ocean carbonate chemistry and atmospheric CO 2 . Surprisingly, references to the absolute relative contribution of these calcium production are lacking. Here we report quantification pelagic North Pacific, providing new insights on three main planktonic groups. Our results show that coccolithophores dominate living (CaCO 3 ) standing stock, with coccolithophore calcite comprising ~90% total CaCO production, pteropods...
Abstract. The northern Scotia Sea contains the largest seasonal uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide yet measured in Southern Ocean. This study examines one main routes by which this fluxes to deep ocean: through production faecal pellets (FPs) zooplankton community. Deep sediment traps were deployed at two sites with contrasting ocean productivity regimes (P3, naturally iron-fertilized, and P2, iron-limited) within same water mass. magnitude pattern particulate organic (POC) FPs was...
Abstract Fecal pellets (FP) are a key component of the biological carbon pump, as they can, under some circumstances, efficiently transfer to depth. Like other forms particulate organic (POC), can be remineralized in ocean interior (particularly upper 200 m), or alternatively preserved sediments. The controls on attenuation FP flux with depth not fully understood, particular, relative contributions zooplankton fragmentation and microbial/zooplankton respiration loss. Collection sinking...
The biological carbon pump drives a flux of particulate organic (POC) through the ocean and affects atmospheric levels dioxide. Short term, episodic events are hard to capture with current observational techniques may thus be underrepresented in POC estimates. We model potential hidden originating from Antarctic krill, whose swarming behaviour could result major conduit depth their rapid exploitation phytoplankton blooms bulk egestion rapidly sinking faecal pellets (FPs). Our results suggest...
In aquatic environments, plastic pollution occurs concomitantly with anthropogenic climate stressors such as ocean acidification. Within the Southern Ocean, Antarctic krill ( Euphausia Superba ) support many marine predators and play a key role in biogeochemical cycle. Ocean acidification have been acknowledged to hinder development physiology singularity, however potential multi-stressor effects of particulates coupled are unexplored. Furthermore, may be especially vulnerable due their...
The polar plastics research community have recommended the spatial coverage of microplastic investigations in Antarctica and Southern Ocean be increased. Presented here is a baseline estimate microplastics nearshore waters South Georgia, first situ study north-east coast island. Our results show that concentration seawater at twelve stations proximity to King Edward Point Research Station ranged from 1.75 ± 5.17 MP/L (mean SD), approximately one order magnitude higher than similar studies...
The biological carbon pump (BCP) contributes to the oceanic CO2 sink by transferring particulate organic (POC) into deep ocean. magnitude and efficiency of BCP is likely vary on timescales days seasons, however characterising this variability from shipboard observations challenging. High resolution, sustained primary production particle fluxes autonomous vehicles offer potential fill knowledge gap. Here we present a 4 month, daily, 1 m vertical resolution glider dataset, collected in high...
Estimated plastic debris floating at the ocean surface varies depending on modelling approaches, with some suggesting unaccounted sinks for marine due to mismatches between predicted enter and that accounted surface. A major knowledge gap relates vertical sinking of oceanic plastic. We used an array sediment traps combined optical microscopy Raman spectroscopy measure microplastic flux 50 150 m water depth over 24 h within a natural harbour sub-Antarctic island South Georgia. This region is...
The understanding of the role pteropods Limacina helicina in ecosystem has become greater interest as debate on ocean acidification and its consequences for calcifying organisms increased. Four incubation experiments were carried out January February 2006 Terra Nova Bay Polynya (Ross Sea) to identify faecal pellets (FPs) produced by L. helicina. Mean FP production rates 6.1 ± 1.3 10.9 2.1 day−1 individual−1 February, respectively. FPs had an oval shape with a more lengthened side....
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) play a central role in the food web of Southern Ocean, forming link between primary production and large predators. Krill produce large, faecal pellets (FP) which can form component mesopelagic particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes. However, patchy distribution swarms, highly variable pellet composition, sinking attenuation rates means that these episodic, but potentially fluxes are difficult to sample or model. We measured particle flux type using...
The effects of ocean acidification (OA) on the early recruitment pteropods in Scotia Sea, was investigated considering process spawning, quality spawned eggs and their capacity to develop. Maternal OA stress induced female (Limacina helicina antarctica) through exposure present day pCO2 conditions two potential future states (750 μatm 1200 μatm). from these females, both before during OA, were incubated themselves this same range (embryonic stress). resulted with lower carbon content, while...
Polar marine ecosystems may have higher sensitivity than other to plastic pollution due recurrent physical and biological features; presence of ice high UV radiation, slow growth rates weak genetic differentiation resident biota, accumulation persistent organic pollutants heavy metals, fast warming global ocean acidification. Here, we discuss potential sources exposure micro- nano-plastic in polar mixture effects coupled with chemical climate related stressors. We address the anthropogenic...
Planktonic Foraminifera are unique paleo-environmental indicators through their excellent fossil record in ocean sediments. Their distribution and diversity affected by different environmental factors including anthropogenically forced climate change. Until now, historical changes have not been fully assessed at the global scale. Here we present FORCIS (Foraminifera Response to Climatic Stress) database on foraminiferal species from 1910 until 2018 published unpublished data. The includes...