A5048782659- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
- History and Developments in Astronomy
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Historical Astronomy and Related Studies
- Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods
- Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
- Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
- Infrared Target Detection Methodologies
- Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
- Global Energy and Sustainability Research
- Computational Physics and Python Applications
- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
Royal Observatory of Belgium
2015-2024
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
1998
We report progress on the ongoing recalibration of Wolf sunspot number (SN) and Group (GN) following release version 2.0 SN in 2015. This constitutes both an update efforts reported 2016 Topical Issue Solar Physics a summary work by International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Team formed 2017 to develop optimal GN re-construction methods while continuing expand historical database. Significant has been made database side more is needed bring various proposed (primarily) reconstruction...
Abstract The Carrington flare in 1859 September is a benchmark, as the earliest reported solar and an event with one of greatest terrestrial impacts. To date, no rigorous estimate energy this has been made on basis only direct observation available, its white-light emission. Here, we exploit historical observations to obtain magnitude express it terms GOES soft X-ray class. From Carrington’s original drawings, estimated area flaring region be 116 ± 25 msh. account allows us blackbody...
No consensus has developed on which of the two sunspot numbers to use and, as a result, number become soft parameter, with RI or RG able provide support underpinning for quite different conclusions. To address this undesirable situation, we organized series four community-wide workshops from 2011 2014 recalibrate [Cliver et al., 2013, 2015]. This recalibration effort now been completed and revised time series, designated SN GN indicate break past, are posted Sunspot Index Long-term Solar...
We create a continuous series of daily and monthly hemispheric sunspot numbers (HSNs) from 1874 to 2020, which will be continuously expanded in the future with HSNs provided by SILSO. Based on available measurements areas 2016 Greenwich Royal Observatory NOAA, we derive relative fractions northern southern activity. These are applied international number (ISN) HSNs. This method obtained data validated against published for period 1945--2020. provide catalogue daily, mean, 13-month smoothed...
A total solar eclipse occurred on 20 March 2015, with a totality path passing mostly above the North Atlantic Ocean, which resulted in partial over Belgium and large parts of Europe. In anticipation this event, dedicated observational campaign was set up at Belgian Solar-Terrestrial Centre Excellence (STCE). The objective to perform high-quality observations associated effects geospace environment by utilising advanced space- ground-based instrumentation available STCE order further our...
Context. The variability of the 11-year cycle solar activity on secular timescales is well established through sunspot record, but it remains unpredictable. Indeed, duration last 23 was exceptionally long and took physics community by surprise. minimum marked particularly low often unprecedented levels international index Ri most other indices. Earlier in course 23, discrepancies appeared between several those indices, raising a new issue: there something wrong recent values or real physical...
In December 2019, the Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) started using GOES -16 satellite as its primary input for solar x-ray flux monitoring. As such, it stopped applying a scaling factor that had been applied since GOES-8 came in operation. This has an important impact on number of flares can be expected, and flare rates associated with McIntosh classifications, often used to help forecast flaring activity. To quantify effects, intensities period covering 1976-2019 have all...
Context: The elapsed solar cycle (23) ended with an exceptionally long period of low activity and unprecedented levels for various series irradiance particle flux measurements. This unpredicted evolution raised multiple questions about a future decline the cycles launched quest precursor signs this possible deep transition over last decade. Aim: We present here review overall interpretation most current diagnostics 23, including recent disagreements that appeared among reference indices...