We developed the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), an instrument to measure fear of falling, based on operational definition this as “low perceived self-efficacy at avoiding falls during essential, nonhazardous activities daily living.” The reliability and validity FES were assessed in two samples community-living elderly persons. showed good test-retest (Pearson's correlation 0.71). Subjects who reported because falling had higher scores, representing lower or confidence, than subjects not...

Abstract Data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study—2 (SRI International, 2002) were analyzed to identify variables that predicted whether individuals with intellectual disability (ID) received sex education in public schools across United States. Results suggested receiving special services without ID only slightly more likely receive than students mild (47.5% and 44.1%, respectively), but percentage of moderate profound was significantly lower (16.18%). Analysis teacher opinions...

We evaluated the separate components in treatment packages for food refusal of 4 young children. First, were implemented until acceptance improved. Next, a component analysis was conducted within multielement or reversal design to identify active that facilitated acceptance. The results indicated escape extinction always identified as an variable when assessed; however, other variables, including positive reinforcement and noncontingent play, also variables 2 suggest useful identifying affected

Abstract Before the 1990s, research on early identification and prevention of severe behavior disorders (SBDs), such as aggression, self-injury, stereotyped behavior, among young children with intellectual developmental disabilities (IDD), was mostly done 3 years or older. More recent work suggests that signs SBDs may occur 6 months in some infants. The present study combined a cross-sectional longitudinal approach to examine 180 aged 4–48 recruited through mass screening, then receiving an...

An analogue functional analysis revealed that the problem behavior of a young child with developmental delays was maintained by positive reinforcement. A concurrent‐schedule procedure then used to vary amount effort required emit mands. Results suggested response can be an important variable when developing effective communication training programs.

We evaluated the effects of training novel and existing mands during functional communication (FCT) to decrease problem behavior for 2 children. A analysis (Phase 1) identified FCT. Phase used distinct stimulus conditions train mands. 3 allocation responding within a concurrent‐schedules design. When reinforcement either mand was concurrently available, children more than mands, but higher levels occurred with

The choice‐making behavior of 5 young children with developmental disabilities who engaged in aberrant was studied within a concurrent operants framework. Experimental analyses were conducted to identify reinforcers that maintained behavior, and functional communication training packages implemented teach the participants gain reinforcement using mands. Next, analysis, which chose one two responses (either mand or an alternative neutral response) obtain different durations qualities...

Twelve children (CA, 12 to 32 months) with developmental delay were observed in their homes during monthly analogue functional analysis probes document patterns of emerging self-injurious behavior. Two self-injury for 5 participants: (a) The topography and pattern remained the same, but behavior eventually caused tissue damage; or (b) a new emerged that was similar an established stereotypic motor Functional results inconclusive majority target behaviors across participants due...

The age neutrality of the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) was examined as a common screener for ASD. Mixed findings have been reported regarding recommended cutoff score's ability to accurately classify an individual at-risk autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (sensitivity) versus classifying not ASD (specificity). With sample from National Database Autism Research, this study SCQ's sensitivity specificity. Analyses indicated that actual and specificity scores were lower than initially...

A functional analysis identified the reinforcers for 3 participants' problem behavior, but only relatively mild behaviors (e.g., screaming, disruption) were observed when all topographies produced tested consequences. We then conducted an extinction in which specific a reinforcer while other on extinction. The confirmed that same initial maintained more severe of behavior aggression). In addition, results indicated 2 participants displayed patterns responding consistent with response class...

Abstract Background Presence of an autism spectrum disorder is a risk factor for development self‐injurious behaviour ( SIB ) exhibited by individuals with developmental disorders. The most salient factors historically studied within disorders are level intellectual disability, communication deficits and presence specific genetic Recent research has expanded the search to include less commonly variables people disorders: negative affect, hyperactivity impulsivity. Method A heterogeneous...

Establishing a relation between existing skills and acquisition of communicative responses may be useful in guiding selection alternative communication systems. Matching motor‐imitation were assessed for 6 children with developmental disabilities, followed by training to request the same set preferred items using exchange‐based manual signs. Three participants displayed both rapidly acquired response forms. others neither skill; 1 mastered but not signs, other 2 easily either form.

Abstract We examined the degree of autocorrelation among single‐case design data with six measures used to estimate treatment effect size. The most commonly size for over last 5 years published in peer‐reviewed journals were selected comparison. overall mean was 0.46 (SD = 0.33) across 304 paths, which represents a moderate autocorrelation. Overall, it appears that non‐parametric (i.e., percent non‐overlapping [PND], non‐overlap all pairs [NAP], and improvement rate difference [IRD] values)...

We conducted functional analyses of aberrant behavior with 4 children developmental disabilities. then implemented communication training (FCT) by using different mands across two contexts, one in which the establishing operation (EO) that was relevant to function present and EO absent. The mand used EO‐present context served same as behavior, EO‐absent a than identified via analysis. In addition, free‐play (control) condition for all children. Increases manding were observed 3 participants....

Brief multielement designs were used to examine the effects of specific instructional strategies on accuracy academic performance during outpatient evaluations 4 children with learning disorders. Instructional that improved tasks identified for all participants. These results suggest application experimental analysis methodologies variables may facilitate identification stimulus prompts are associated enhanced performance.