Data from time diaries kept by parents in two-parent, two-child families four states 1977 and 1978 were used to examine shared children, as well parent solitary times, a number of household activities. The analysis focuses on how the mother's employment affects parent-child whether was sex-typed. In addition, weak test for stimulates children's human capital development devised hypothesis confirmed. Mothers who spent more market work less traditionally defined child-care time, but only with...

We examined the association of participation in community gardening with healthy body weight.We mass index (BMI) data from 198 participants Salt Lake City, Utah, relationship to BMI for 3 comparison groups: neighbors, siblings, and spouses. In comparisons, we adjusted gender, age, year measurement.Both women men gardeners had significantly lower BMIs than did their neighbors who were not program. The estimated reductions multivariate analyses -1.84 -2.36 men. also observed compared sisters...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital infection and nongenetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss in United States. Utah was first state to pass legislation mandating CMV screening for newborns who fail newborn (NBHS). The study objective present outcomes hearing-targeted determine factors predicting screening.We used Department Health HiTrack Vital Records databases examine from 509 infants failed NBHS 24 months after implementation legislation. Multivariate logistic...

New genetic tests for adult-onset diseases raise concerns about possible adverse selection in insurance markets. To test this behavior, we followed 148 cognitively normal people participating a randomized clinical trial of testing Alzheimer's disease one year after risk assessment and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype disclosure. Although no significant differences were found health, life, or disability purchases, those who tested positive 5.76 times more likely to have altered their...

Studies of the causes marital status differentials in mortality have generally concluded that marriage serves to protect individuals from premature death. The analyses presented this article extend work by examining how recent transitions and associated levels economic affect mortality. With a health production model micro-level data Panel Study Income Dynamics [for United States] sex-specific proportional hazard rate models death are estimated as function poverty well other sociodemographic...

We examine the relationship between time use choices and healthy body weight as measured by survey respondents' mass index (BMI). Using data from 2006 2007 American Time Use Surveys, we expand upon earlier research including more detailed measures of spent eating well physical activity sedentary time. also estimate three alternative models that relate to BMI. Our results suggest BMI are simultaneously determined. The preferred empirical model reveals evidence an inverse for women men. In...

The purpose of this study was to test if moderate vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in less than the recommended ≥10-minute bouts related weight outcomes.Secondary data analysis.Random sample from U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population included National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).A total 4511 adults aged 18 64 years 2003-2006 NHANES.Clinically measured body mass index (BMI) overweight/obese status were regressed on accelerometer measures minutes per day...

We examine how age, life course roles, and contextual variables relate to both the composition overall level of physical activity in late adolescence early adulthood.Data on respondents age 15 29 y 2003 American Time Use Survey are used estimate multivariate logistic regressions that assess what factors associated with meeting recommended activity.The proportion who do 30 min or more team sports declines over range even after controlling for covariates. Parenthood, employment status, school...

Surveying the field of economics household, second edition this text reviews theory consumer at intermediate undergraduate level. It then applies and extends it to demand expenditures, consumption saving, time allocation among market work, home leisure, human capital emphasizing investment in education, children health, fertility, marriage, divorce. Influenced by Gary Becker his associates, models developed are used help explain modern U.S. trends family behavior. Topics discussed with aid...

A burgeoning literature links attributes of neighbourhoods' built environments to residents' physical activity, food and transportation choices, weight, and/or obesity risk. In cross-sectional studies, non-random residential selection impedes researchers' ability conclude that neighbourhood cause these outcomes. Cross-sectional data for the current study are based on 14,689 non-Hispanic white women living in Salt Lake County, Utah, USA. Instrumental variables techniques used adjust...

Abstract Objective To describe how the time spent in food-related activities by Americans has changed over past 30 years. Design Data from four national diary surveys, spanning 1975–2006, are used to construct estimates of trends American adults’ activities. Multivariate Tobits assess have controlling for sociodemographic and economic covariates. Results Both bivariate multivariate reveal that between 1975 2006, women’s food preparation declined substantially, whereas these men very little....

Obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States. Walkable neighborhoods, characterized as having 3Ds of walkability (population Density, land use Diversity, and pedestrian-friendly Design), have been identified potentially promising factor to prevent obesity for their residents. Past studies examining relationship between vary geographic scales neighborhood definitions methods measuring 3Ds. To better understand potential influences these sometimes arbitrary choices, we test how four...

Research investigating the connection between neighborhood walkability and obesity often overlooks issue of nonrandom residential selection.We use propensity score methods to adjust for selection into neighborhoods in this cross-sectional, observational study. The sample includes 103,912 women residing Salt Lake County, Utah age 20 or older. We measured percentage living with more walkability, area level measures characteristics, (body mass index (BMI) > 30).Our findings confirm previous...