This article assesses the regulatory framework relating to over-the-counter (OTC) sales of antibiotics for human use in India. The OTC sale is recognised as a pathway emergence antimicrobial resistance (AMR); serious public health challenge need urgent responses. Analytically, this identifies opportunities within existing laws India and highlights gaps that be filled by modifying or developing new ones. Conceptually, it suggests reflect on limits traditional, top-down, ‘command-and control’...

ABSTRACT Asian countries with large populations concentrated in coastal cities are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts, such as sea level rise. This, turn, can adversely affect water resources a result of flooding, erosion, scarcity etc. Singapore has been hailed for its progressive policies and practices, which were developed overcome natural resource disadvantage (limited base) achieve self‐sufficiency. Certainly, Singapore's geopolitical situation may have provided an...

International law seeks to ensure water security and prevent or resolve conflicts leading insecurity. This relationship is based on a hybrid framework comprising binding nonbinding instruments. The multi-scalar dimensions of (in)security are recognized, but further engagement required. link between international considered primarily through the lens law, which focuses transboundary (surface) watercourses. Groundwater—the other main source determinant (in)security—receives little attention....

► Low-income and middle-income countries are aligning their National Action Plans on antimicrobial resistance with WHO's 2015 Global Plan.► Regulation is a key tool for operationalising national standards aimed at optimising the use of medicines.► On its own, traditional command-and-control approach to regulation poorly suited this challenge.► 'Smart regulation' can be used supplement, finetune improve more regulatory approaches.

Abstract This article examines the compatibility of production‐related environmental criteria in green public procurement with international trade law, specifically World Trade Organization's Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). In response to global health and challenge antimicrobial resistance (AMR), such measures offer extraterritorial regulation by pharmaceutical purchasing countries where domestic is not forthcoming producing countries. The finds that may be compatible GPA....

Groundwater is often considered a largely local issue that difficult to regulate. Further, groundwater regulation has focused on use, rather than protection and conservation. There thus been little integration of environmental concerns into regulation. Climate change calls for rethinking the regulatory framework protecting regulating groundwater. In India, climate regime not given adequate prominence. Conversely, remains detached from challenges, including change. This needs be addressed...

Safe disposal of municipal wastewater is imperative for the realisation right to sanitation. However, it continues pose a major challenge in developing countries such as India where rudimentary practices are common. While an enabling legal framework encourage safe exists, form and environmental laws access judicial remedies, non-implementation limited resort remedies has resulted situation authorities that responsible performance this duty contributing sorry state affairs. This article...

The program, ‘Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation’ (REDD), which operates within the international climate change policy framework, is projected to emerge as one of key mitigation mechanisms for developing countries. existing Afforestation/Reforestation (A/R) mechanism, operating under Clean Development Mechanism Kyoto Protocol United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, may prove useful drawing lessons emerging REDD since both represent flexible means...

Abstract Environmental constitutionalism encompasses rights as well duties of the State and individuals. However, environmental individuals are seldom discussed in detail. What is their contribution to constitutionalism? This article examines origin design, judicial adjudication fundamental duty citizens Constitution India answer this question. It finds that internal external factors influence constitutional design duty. The constitution drafters viewed distinct from State. practice...

Contents: Foreword Preface 1. Introduction Asanga Gunawansa, Lovleen Bhullar and Sonia Ferdous Hoque 2. Private Sector Participation in Water Supply: A Global Perspective Edouard Perard 3. Good Governance: The Key to Solving Asia's Supply Challenges Alex Wong 4. UK Industry: Infrastructure, Governance Procurement Akintola Akintoye Suresh Renukappa 5. Urban France: How are the Performances? Eshien Chong 6. Spain: Dynamic System Transition Belen Olmos Giupponi 7. MENA Region: Integrating...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a global public health challenge. It has been examined through various angles, but the link between AMR and access to Water, Sanitation Hygiene (WASH) or lack thereof received little attention. Both WASH relate directly realization of rights health, water, sanitation. In addition, both can affect enjoyment right environment. is particularly complex from perspective. Access medicines contributes significantly health. At same time, affects poorer...

Historically, public utilities have been mainly delivered by the sector. However, as a result of financial and technological constraints faced sector entities in developing infrastructure facilities due to management related inefficiencies sector, various alternative governance mechanisms considered governments utility providing services end-users. Consequently, for nearly three decades now countries relied on procurement model public-private partnerships (PPP) finance, develop manage water...